ANSC 3373 EXAM 2

Urea, which is produced through the urea cycle, can be:

A. filtered by the kidneys and excreted through the bladder

B. when secreted with saliva can be an NPN source for bacteria

C. Is generated in the liver

D. Secreted with saliva

All of the above

Metabolic water accounts for ______ % of water intake for an animal.

A. 0 (it is not obtainable from the cells)

B. 5-10

C. 25

D. 1

B

The key to detoxifying products produced from protein metabolism is....

A. urea cycle

B. anabolism

C. microbial degradation

D. catabolism

E. By-pass protein

A

When feeding urea to a ruminant, what could happen if the animal is limited to forage?

A. Bacteria digest all the urea into CO2 and NH3

B. Microbes will use a portion of the NH3 to survive

C. Due to the lack of forage there will be limited carbon skeletons, so the NH3 will rapidly absorb and not be used as microbial protein.

D. Microbe will use all NH3 to make microbial protein.

B and C

Ruminants can utilize NPN because of the presence of....

A. Ammonia

B. HCl

C. Micro-organisms

D. Pepsin

E. Trypsin

C

True/False: Protein content in a feed can be increased by adding urea to the ration.

False

True/False: Insulin and growth hormones signal the liver to synthesize protein.

True

synthesis of proteins

Anabolism

simple protein - feather, wool, hair

Keratin

involved in catabolism

Amine group

active enzyme for protein digestion

Pepsin

fibrous protein

collagen

final product of urea cycle in avians

uric acid

make Amino acids different

R-Group

degradation of proteins

catabolism

blood proteins

albumins

inactive enzyme for protein digestion

trypsinogen

functions to transport other nutrients

protein

detoxified product of protein catabolism in mammals

urea

Amino acid that causes drowsiness.

A. Arginine

B. Tryptophan

C. Sulfur

D. Lysine

E. Methionine

F. Histidine

B

True/False: On a percentage basis, barley has a large amount of escapable protein.

False

True/False: Urea is totally (100%) digested by protozoa in the rumen or cecum.

False

The most abundant nutrient found in the body

A. minerals in the cells and skeleton

B. water

C. protein as muscle tissue

D. carbohydrates

B

True/False: Protein decreases water consumption but increases water loss through urination.

False

The quality of protein is determined by:

A. the amino acids that make up the feedstuff

B. The by-pass or escape rate

C. the digestibility of the protein

D. The concentration of protein in the feedstuff

All of the above

Ammonia is absorbed rapidly ______

A. into the blood

B. in both acid and base environments

C. In high pH environments

D. In low pH environments

A,C

True/False: Pepsin and trypsin can digest an amino acid into a carbon skeleton and ammonia.

False

True/False: Catabolism and anabolism can occur simultaneously in the body.

True

True/False: Trypsin digests proteins by reacting with the peptide bond.

True

True/False: Proteins are absorbed into the blood and lymph systems.

False

Amino acids are absorbed by ____ (process) in the ______ (primary location) of the small intestine.

A. active transport, jejunum

B. passive transport, duodenum

C. diffusion, jejunum

D. active transport, ileum

A

A fibrous type of protein that stretches and re-gains its shape.

A. Elastin

B. collagen

C. albumin

D. globular

A

Deamination is the ____

A. reduction in the number of amino acids

B. the removal of the amine group from the amino acid

C. the removal of the R-group from the amino acid

D. removal of amino acids

B

Protein fed to a horse can digested by:

A. micro-organisms

B. enterokinase

C. trypsin

D. pepsin

A, C, D

True/False: Most of the water found in the body is found as intracellular fluid.

True

True/False: In a ruminant, proteolytic enzymes are not secreted.

False

Secretion sites for water in a horse include:

A. duodenum

B. saliva

C. jejunum

D. omasum

E. stomach

A, B, E

Growth Hormones:

A. cause catabolism

B. cause anabolism

C. can be influenced through artificial methods

D. can cause an increase in protein requirements for an animal

E. will cause transamination in the muscle tissue of an animal

All of the above

Absorption sites of water in a goat:

A. rumen

B. abomasum

C. omasum

D. cecum

A, C, D

When feeding NPN, urea toxicity can occur because:

A. low energy for urea cycle to properly function

B. High fiber in diet

C. NH3 overload in the blood

D. Over consumption

A, C, D

To prevent urea toxicity in animals:

A. provide "free choice" minerals

B. provide ample forage or hay

C. Don't feed in excess of 5% of the diet/ration

D. provide "free choice" fresh, clean water

E. avoid feeding to monogastrics

F. Don't exceed 2% in the diet/ration

A, B, D, E, F

True/False: Ammonia that is absorbed in the rumen or large intestine is absorbed into the blood and lymph systems.

False

The most biologically active form of an amino acid:

A. conjugated

B. D-configuration

C. L-configuration

D. R-configured

C

True/False: An anabolic steroid that is artificially administered causes catabolism.

False

Ammonia:

A. Can be used to build amino acids in the colon

B. can be toxic

C. is not produced in monogastrics

D. can be rapidly absorbed from GI tract

A, B, D

True/False: water is not required for amino acids to be formed when a protein is digested by trypsin.

False

True/False: Creatine is a required amino acid for humans.

False

True/False: Pepsin digests only 20% of the consumed amino acids.

False

_____ digest proteins prior to the absorption site in mono gastric animals.

A. pepsinogen

B. micro-organisms

C. pepsin

D. saliva

C

True/False: Urea can be found in the GI tract and blood of all animals.

True

True/False: One of the reasons why urea toxicity occurs is that it is palatable to animals.

False

True/False: Amino acids can be a source of energy for the body.

True

The primary element found in a protein is

A. sulfur

B. oxygen

C. carbon

D. amine

C

Amino acid that synthesizes histamines for the body's defense mechanism

A. tryptophan

B. methionine

C. Arginine

D. sulfur

E. histidine

F. lysine

E

True/false: all feed commodities (grains and feed sources) that contain protein are completely digested by the micro-organisms in the rumen.

False

Routes that an animal can lose water.

A. feces

B. urination

C. sweat

D. expiration of air

All of the above

Gluco-corticoids

A. causes metabolic activities

B. causes transamination

C. causes actions in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells

D. breaks down proteins and amino acids in the body

E. Causes deamination

All of the above

Water consumption increases as

A. salt increases

B. fiber intake decreases

C. temperature increases

D. lactation increases

A, C, D

True/False: catabolism does not take place in the liver

False

True/false: Arginine is not a required amino acid for adult humans

True

True/False: the body can lose water through respiration.

True

Insulin

A. causes deamination

B. produced by the pancreas

C. signals proteins to be built in the body

D. causes anabolic activities

B, C, D

Products of protein/amino acid metabolism include(s)

A. lactic acid

B. energy (ATPs)

C. ammonia

D. metabolic water

A, B, C, D

True/False: on a percentage basis, adipose tissue contains more water than does muscle tissue.

True

Products of urea digestion include:

A. escape protein

B. CO2

C. NH3

D. Microbial protein

C, D

True/False: proteolytic enzymes digest proteins by removing the Amine group.

False

True/False: most enzymatic digestion of proteins will occur in the stomach of monogastrics.

False

Some of the essential amino acids for poultry include(s)

A. serine

B. glycine

C. threonine

D. methionine

A, B, C, D

True/False: Gluco-corticoids signal the liver to cause protein anabolism.

False