Fluid Mechanics: Pascal's Laws and Buoyancy

These flashcards cover key concepts related to Pascal's Laws, pressure, buoyancy, and fluid mechanics based on the lecture notes provided.

Collective force (𝐹⊥)

The total force exerted by particles of a fluid on a surface.

Pressure (P)

The force per unit area exerted by a fluid, calculated as P = F⊥ / A.

Pascal's First Law

A change in pressure at one point in a fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid.

Mechanical advantage

The ability to amplify a force via a hydraulic system, resulting in increased output force.

Pascal's Second Law

The pressure at a point in a fluid at rest depends only on the depth of the fluid.

Fluid density (𝜌)

Mass per unit volume of a fluid, affecting the pressure exerted by the fluid.

Buoyant force (𝐹𝐵)

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it, equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

Archimedes' Principle

An object submerged in a fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

Displaced volume (𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑)

The volume of fluid that an object pushes aside when it is submerged.

Hydraulic Lift

A device that uses Pascal's principle to lift heavy objects through the mechanical advantage of incompressible fluids.