Photosynthesis

Autotrophs OTHER THAN plants

Protists and some bacteria

What do plants make as their source of food?

Plants make carbohydrates as their source of food, NOT energy

Carbohydrates are in the form of what for plants?

Simple sugars (like glucose)

What in the chloroplast traps the sun?

Chlorophyll

What is the chemical energy stored as?

Starches or polysaccharides

What else is needed in photosynthesis other than light?

Carbon dioxide and water

Where does photosynthesis occur in the plant?

Chloroplast- these are found in green plants and protista

What is the series of disks in the chloroplast called?

Thylakoids (contains chlorophyll and is the site of light dependent photosynthesis reactions)

What is the fluid surrounding the thylakoids called?

Stroma

What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H20 —> 6O2 + C6H12O6

What do the coefficients tell us?

How many molecules there are

What do the subscripts tell us?

The # of atoms

What is the difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?

a = absorbs red-violet wavelengths more and reflects blue-green.

b = absorbs more violet-blue light and reflects red-orange light.

What does chemosynthesis mean?

Chemo = chemical. Synthesis = to make.

Chemosynthesis is the synthesizing of organic compounds

What color is sunlight?

White (a fusion of equal amounts of ROYGBV light).

Why are plants green?

The color green is mostly reflected upon hitting a plant- all other colors are absorbed

Stage 1: Light Dependent Reactions

• Sunlight splits H2O into hydrogen and oxygen molecules

• Oxygen releases into atmosphere

• Hydrogen is added to NADP+ to synthesize NADPH, an energy carrier

• ATP is made

• This process happens in the thylakoids

Stage 2: Light Independent Reactions, aka the Calvin Cycle

• CO2 + H combines to form C6H12O6

• ATP is used

• This process happens in the stroma

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

• Light Intensity

• Temperature

• Amount of CO2

• Amount of H2O

All reactions of photosynthesis are controlled by enzymes. Temperatures below optimum will slow down photosynthesis.

What is the (lighter) purple?

Cuticle

What is the (normal) blue?

Upper epidermis

What is the lime green? (hint: not the chloroplast lol)

Palisade layer

What is the golden-yellow?

Spongy layer

What is the dark purple?

Lower epidermis

What is the orange?

Stoma

What is the dark blue?

Guard cells

What is the normal green? (hint: not the chloroplasts)

Vascular bundle (Vein)

What is the sky blue?

Xylem

What is the red?

Phloem

What is the yellow?

Vacuole

What is the light gray?

Nucleus

What is the hot pink?

Chloroplasts (sorry lol ^-^)

Cuticle

Waxy layer that covers the epidermis, prevents water loss

Upper epidermis

Brick-like clear cells, allows light to pass, prevents water loss

Palisade layer

Columnar cels tightly packed, contains chloroplasts and main cells to carry out photosynthesis

Spongy layer

Loosely packed cells that hold water and allow gas exchange

Lower Epidermis

Bottom layer responsible for gas exchange

Stoma

Diffusion of gases in and out of the leaf (CO2 and O2 cycling in and out)

Guard cells

Regulates the opening and closing of the stoma

Vascular bundle

Group of tissues in the roots and stem that transports necessary materials throughout the leaf

Xylem

Pumps water throughout the leaf

Phloem

Transfers sugar throughout the leaf