ha ch 10-12 (kidneys & culture/spirituality)

#1 cause of lowered GFR

hypertension

#2 cause of lowered GFR

diabetes

what does GFR decrease with age cause

accumulation of toxins in blood

stage 1 kidney disease

GFR >90

stage 2 kidney disease

GFR 60-89

stage 3a kidney disease

45-59

stage 3b kidney disease

GFR 30-44

stage 4 kidney disease

GFR 15-29

stage 5 kidney disease

GFR < 15, kidney failure

creatinine

normal breakdown product of muscle, should be completely excreted

normal creatinine levels adult males

0.6-1.2

normal creatinine levels adult females

0.5-1.1

what does high serum creatinine indicate

kidney dysfunction

urea

part of nitrogenous waste, needs to be excreted

normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels

7-20

azotemia

high BUN

what causes increased BUN

kidney dysfunction, high protein diet, or dehydration

difference between using fistula and graft for dialysis

with a graft, you have wait longer to start using for dialysis

what can cause foamy urine

not always bad, could be bc of soap in toilet or certain disease processes or foods

which parts of urinalysis are most important to look at for diabetic patients

glucose and ketones bc of ketoacidosis

normal urine specific gravity

1.001-1.030

normal urine pH

6.5-7.5

which meds can cause hematuria

anticoagulants

which meds make urine paler

diuretics

which meds can turn urine green/blue

amitriptyline or b complex vitamins

which meds can cause brown or black urine

levodopa (antiparkinson med)

what food can make urine red

beets

anuria

not enough urine (<10 mL)

dysuria

painful urination

polyuria

excessive urination

pyuria

pus in the urine

positive fluid balance

intake is greater than output

negative fluid balance

deficit fluid volume (dehydration)

FICA assessment tool

f: faith, belief, meaning

i: importance and influence

c: community

a: address/action in care

EASI assessment tool

elderly abuse suspicion index

RCOPE assessment tool

religious coping mechanisms