chromosomes and genetic inheritance

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Last updated 3:03 AM on 8/29/26
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9 Terms

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chromosomes

contain the genetic blueprints for cellular function (genes and DNA)

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genetic information

can be replicated by cell division and passed onto offspring by inheritance

3
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karyotype

a photographic inventory of an individual’s chromosomes

23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)

23rd determines sex

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monosomy

missing chromosome

45 chromosomes

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trisomy

extra chromosome

47

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down syndrome (trisomy 21)

occurs in the 21st pair

most common chromosome-number abnormality

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klinefelter syndrome

XXY

biologically male

some female 2nd characteristics may develop

usually unable to reproduce

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Jacobs syndrome

XYY

biologically male

tend to be taller than average

delayed motor development

poor muscle tone

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turner syndrome

XO

biologically female

may not fully develop 2nd characteristics

usually unable to reproduce