Kinesiology Notes and Vocab - Unit 3 p.2

names of muscles

Muscles ONLY pull—never push

Do muscles only push or pull?

1. Shape (trapzious)

2. Size

3. Fiber Direction (slanted, upright)

4. Location

5. Number of origins

6. Action

How are muscles named (6)?

Origin

The attachment site that does not move

Insertion

The attachment site that moves when the muscle contracts.

Facial Muscles

Insert into the skin of the face or onto another facial muscle rather than a bone.

Facial: Frontalis (eyebrow muscle)

What muscle is this?

Back of the head: occipitalis

What muscle is this?

Facial: Orbicularis oculi (blinking/closing eyes)

What muscle is this?

Facial: Levator Labii superioris

What muscle is this?

Facial: orbicularis oris (smooch)

Facial: What muscle is this?

Facial: zygomaticus major (Inferior to minor)

What muscle is this?

Facial: zygomaticus minor (superior to major)

Facial: What muscle is this?

Facial: Buccinator (whistle)

What muscle is this?

Facial: Masseter (major muscle of chewing)

What muscle is this?

Facial: temporalis

What muscle is this?

Largest

Maximus

Minims

Smallest

Vastus

Huge

Longus

Longest

Brevis

Short

Major

Large

Minor

small

Neck: Sternocleidomastoid

What muscle is this?

• Helps turn the neck up/down or side-to-side

Back: Trapezius

What muscle is this?

• Shrugs shoulders, elevates/depress scapula, extend/hyperextend the head

Neck: Levator Scapula

What muscle is this?

• Elevates the scapula and laterally flex the neck

Back: Erector spinae

What muscle group is this?

• 3 Columns: Ilicastis (most lateral), Longissimus dorsi, spinalis (most medial)

Back: Latissimus Dorsi (swimming muscle)

What muscle is this?

Arm: Deltoid

What muscle is this?

• Abducts arm, many shots are located here, 3 parts (deltoid, lateral deltoid, and posterior deltoid)

1. Supraspinatus

2. Subscapularis

3. Infraspinatus

4. Teres Minor

What is the rotator cuff composed of?

Arm: Biceps Brachii

What muscle is this?

• flexes elbow and supinates to forearm

Arm: Brachialis

What muscle is this?

• Deep to the biceps brachii

Arm: Triceps Brachii

What muscle is this?

• Prime extensor of the forearm (straightens the forearm), 3 origins

1. abs

2. chest

3. Trapezius

4. Latissimus Dorsi

What is the core composed of?

Chest: pectoralis major

What muscle is this?

• Adducts arms

Chest: Pectoralis Minor

What is this muscle?

• stabilizes Scapula

Legs: Hamstrings

What muscle is this?

• Extend leg, knee flexors, 3 muscles

1. Biceps femoris

2. semitendinosis

3. semimembranosis

What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings? (posterior thigh)

Leg: Gluteus Maximus

What muscle is this?

• Largest, most superficial muscle of the gluteal muscles, extends and abducts the thigh

• Supports back, laterally rotates the thigh

Calves: Gastrocnemius

what muscle is this?

• plantor and knee flexion

Calves: Soleus

what muscle is this?

• Deep to the gastrocnemius, plantor flexion

Shoulder: Serratus anterior (boxers muscle)

what muscle is this?

• Pulls shoulder blade forward and around the ribcage

1. Rectus abdominis (6-pack, parallel)

2. transverse abdominis (deepest)

3. Internal obliques

4. External obliques (most superficial)

What are the four abdominal muscles?

torso: Diaphragm

• Internal intercostals (exhalation), External Intercostals (Inhalation)

what muscle is this?

• Internal intercostals (exhalation), External Intercostals (Inhalation)

leg: sartorius

what muscle is this?

• Longest muscle in the body, flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh

1. vastus medialis

2. rectus femoris

3. vastus lateralis

4. vastus intermedius

what are the four muscles of the quadriceps?

• hip flexor, knee extensor

Agonist (prime mover)

The muscle or group of muscles producing a desired effect—contracting muscle

Antagonist

Muscle or group of muscles opposing the action of the prime mover

Synergist

Muscles surrounding the joint being moved and supporting it in the action.

Fixators

Steady joints closer to the body axis so that the desired action can occur

• Stabilizes joint to achieve intended movement

Neck: Scalenes

what muscle is this?

• Elevates the 1st and 2nd ribs and rotates the head and flexes the neck

Inguinal Hernia

What is the most common development area of hernia?