Night ch 4 vocab

Rhetoric

From the Greek for "orator," it describes the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively

Argument

A spoken, written, or visual text that expresses a point of view

Ethos

Ethical Appeal. The self

Logos

Logical Appeal. A strategy in which a writer uses facts, evidence, and reason to make audience members accept a claim.

Pathos

Emotional Appeal. A strategy in which a writer tries to create specific emotions (such as fear, anger, pity, or envy) in an audience so it will accept a claim.

Rhetorical Situation

the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience

Tone

Describes the author's attitude towards his material, audience, or both.

Tone Shift

When a writer moves from one tone to another in one piece of writing.

Diction

Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness

Style

An evaluation of the author's choices in diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices.

Syntax

Sentence structure. The way in which an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences

Juxtaposition

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts

Parallel Structure

the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures

Parallelism

phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other. ("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."

Repetition

the repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device ("I have a dream…I have a dream…I have a dream")

Rhetorical Question

one that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience. (The answer is usually obvious.)

Figurative language

language that is not intended to be interpreted in a literal sense. It is used to create vivid imagery.

Simile

comparing two unlike things using "like" or "as"

Metaphor

a comparison of two unlike things without using the word "like" or "as"

Personification

A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes