Unit 1 Muscles

splenius capitis origin

lower half of ligamentum nuchae

spinous process c7-t4

splenius capitis insertion

mastoid process skull

below superior nuchal line

splenius capitis innervation

posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

splenius capitis function

extends neck (bilateral)

moves head to side (unilateral, ipsilateral)

splenius cervicis origin

spinous processes t3-t6

splenius cervicis insertion

transverse processes c1-c3

splenius cervicis innervation

posterior rami of lower cervical nerves

splenius cervicis function

extends neck (bilateral)

moves head to side (unilateral, ipsilateral)

iliocostalis lumborum origin

sacrum

iliac crest

spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae

supraspinous ligament t11-t12

spinous processes t11-t12

iliocostalis lumborum insertion

angles of lower 6 ribs

iliocostalis lumborum innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

iliocostalis lumborum function

extends vertebral column (bilateral)

lateral flexion of vertebral column (unilateral, ipsilateral)

iliocostalis thoracis origin

angles of lower 6 ribs

iliocostalis thoracis insertion

angles of upper 6 ribs

transverse process of c7

iliocostalis thoracis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

iliocostalis thoracis function

extension of vertebral column (bilateral)

lateral flexion of vertebral column (unilateral, ipsilateral)

iliocostalis cervicis origin

angles of ribs 3-6

iliocostalis cervicis insertion

transverse processes c4-c6

iliocostalis cervicis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

iliocostalis cervicis function

extension of vertebral column (bilateral)

lateral flexion of vertebral column (unilateral, ipsilateral)

longissimus thoracis origin

sacrum

iliac crest

spinous processes lumbar vertebrae

spinous processes t11-t12

supraspinous ligament t11-t12

longissimus thoracis insertion

transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

longissimus thoracis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

longissimus thoracis function

extend vertebral column (bilateral)

lateral flexion vertebral column (unilateral, ipsilateral)

longissimus cervicis origin

transverse processes of upper 4-5 thoracic vertebrae

longissimus cervicis insertion

transverse processes of c2-c6

longissimus cervicis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

longissimus cervicis function

extension vertebral column (bilateral)

lateral flexion vertebral column (unilateral, ipsilateral)

longissimus capitis origin

transverse processes of upper 4-5 thoracic vertebrae

articular processes lower 3-4 cervical vertebrae

longissimus capitis insertion

mastoid process

longissimus capitis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

longissimus capitis function

extend head/vertebral column (bilateral)

turn head to side (unilateral, ipsilateral)

spinalis thoracis origin

spinous processes t10-l2

spinalis thoracis insertion

spinous processes t1-t8

spinalis thoracis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

spinalis thoracis function

extension of vertebral column

spinalis cervicis origin

lower part of ligamentum nuchae

spinous process c7

spinalis cervicis insertion

spinous process c2

spinalis cervicis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

spinalis cervicis function

extension of vertebral column

spinalis capitis origin

transverse processes c7-t6

articular processes c4-c6

spinalis capitis insertion

between superior/inferior nuchal line

spinalis capitis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

semispinalis capitis origin

transverse processes c7-t6

articular processes c4-c6

semispinalis capitis insertion

between superior/inferior nuchal line

semispinalis capitis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

semispinalis capitis function

rotation of vertebral column (unilateral, contralateral)

spinalis capitis function

extension of head/neck (bilateral)

rotation of head/neck (unilateral, ipsilateral)

semispinalis thoracis origin

transverse processes t6-t10

semispinalis thoracis insertion

transverse processes of upper 4 thoracic vertebrae
articular processes of lower 2 cervical vertebrae

semispinalis thoracis innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

semispinalis thoracis function

extension of vertebral column (bilateral)

rotation of vertebral column (unilateral, contralateral)

multifidus origin

sacrum
origin of erector spinae
transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
articular processes of lower 4 cervical vertebrae

multifidus insertion

base of spinous processes of c2-l5

multifidus innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

rotatores innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

multifidus function

extension of vertebral column (bilateral)

rotation of vertebral column (unilateral, contralateral)

levatores costartum origin

transverse processes c7-t11

levatores costartum insertion

rib below vertebra of origin

levatores costartum innervation

posterior rami spinal nerves

levatores costartum function

elevate rib

rectus capitis posterior major origin

spinous process of c2

rectus capitis posterior major insertion

lateral portion of occipital bone

below inferior nuchal line

rectus capitis posterior major innervation

posterior ramus of c1

rectus capitis posterior minor origin

posterior tubercle of c1

superior oblique origin

transverse process of c1

rectus capitis posterior minor insertion

medial portion of occipital bone

below inferior nuchal line

rectus capitis posterior minor innervation

posterior ramus of c1

rectus capitis posterior minor function

extension of head

superior oblique insertion

occipital bone between both nuchal lines

superior oblique innervation

posterior ramus of c1

superior oblique function

extension of head (bilateral)

rotation of head (unilateral, ipsilateral)

incomplete lateral flexion

inferior oblique origin

spinous process of c2

inferior oblique insertion

transverse process of c1

inferior oblique innervation

posterior ramus of c1

inferior oblique function

ipsilateral rotation of head

trapezius origin

spinous processes c7-t12
occipital bone of skull
ligamentum nuchae

trapezius insertion

spine of scapula
acromion of scapula
lateral 1/3 of clavicle

trapezius innervation

accessory nerve (CN XI)

trapezius function

elevation of scapula (upper part)
depression of scapula (lower part)
adduction of scapula (middle part)
upward rotation of scapula (when humerus abducted above horizontal) (upper, lower)

trapezius/accessory nerve damage

drooping shoulder
can’t elevate shoulder
can’t rotate arms over head

latissimus dorsi origin

spinous processes t7-sacrum
ribs 10-12
iliac crest of pelvis

latissimus dorsi insertion

floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

latissimus dorsi function

extend humerus
adduct humerus
medially rotate humerus

latissimus dorsi innervation

thoracodorsal nerve

latissimus dorsi/thoracodorsal nerve damage

can’t extend humerus
can’t adduct humerus
can’t medially rotate humerus
can’t do pull ups

rhomboideus major innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

rhomboideus major origin

spinous processes t2-t5

rhomboideus major insertion

medial border of scapula (below spine)

rhomboideus major function

elevate scapula
adduct scapula

rhomboideus/dorsal scapular nerve major damage

permanently abducted scapula

rhomboideus minor innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

rhomboideus minor origin

spinous processes c7-t1
lower portion of ligamentum nuchae

rhomboideus minor insertion

medial border of scapula (at spine)

rhomboideus minor function

elevation of scapula
adduction of scapula

rhomboideus minor/dorsal scapular nerve damage

permanently abducted scapula

levator scapulae innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

levator scapulae origin

transverse processes of c1-c4

levator scapulae insertion

superior angle of scapula

levator scapulae function

elevate scapula
lateral flexion (scapula fixed)