Anatomy Module 3 Practice Quizzes

1. Changes in the external and internal environment can produce_ that are detected by the sensory system.
   a. adaptations
   b. sensations
   c. transducers
   d. receptors
   e. stimuli

stimuli

2. The least numerous but the largest of the papillae are arranged as a V-shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue. They contain the majority of taste buds and are called_ papillae.
   a. fungiform
   b. vallate
   c. filiform
   d. foliate
   e. papiform

vallate

3. Which of the following is not an unencapsulated tactile receptor?
   a. Sebaceous filament
   b. Root hair plexus
   c. Free nerve ending
   d. Tactile disc

Sebaceous filament

4. The auditory tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat.
   a. True
   b. False

True

5. What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?
   a. gustatory cells
   b. hair cells
   c. olfactory cells
   d. taste bud cells

gustatory cells

6. Which of the following is not a type of tongue papilla?
   a. Filiform
   b. Foliate
   c. Vallate
   d. Papiform
   e. Fungiform

Papiform

7. Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called
   a. adaptation.
   b. stimulation.
   c. transduction.
   d. reception.
   e. sensation.

sensation.

8. Which of the following is not an encapsulated tactile receptor?
   a. End bulb
   b. Lamellated corpuscle
   c. Bulbous corpuscle
   d. Tactile corpuscle
   e. Arrector pili corpuscle

Arrector pili corpuscle

9. Which of the following receptors would detect the distortion of the skin that may occur during severe swelling in an area?
   a. Arrector pili corpuscles
   b. Bulbous corpuscles
   c. Lamellated corpuscles
   d. End bulbs
   e. Tactile corpuscles

Bulbous corpuscles

10. Vibrations pass from the eardrum to the ossicles, to the oval window.
    a. True
    b. False

True

11. An infection can pass from the throat through the auditory tube to the
    a. middle ear
    b. eardrum
    c. semicircular canals
    d. inner ear

middle ear

12. Phasic receptors for light touch and texture are
    a. end bulbs.
    b. tactile corpuscles.
    c. lamellated corpuscles.
    d. arrector pili corpuscles.
    e. bulbous corpuscles.

tactile corpuscles.

13. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?
    a. vestibular nerve
    b. tympanic membrane
    c. semicircular canals
    d. vestibule

tympanic membrane

14. The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, to vibrate the
    a. stapes
    b. incus
    c. malleus
    d. otolith

malleus

15. Which receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli?
    a. Nociceptors
    b. Mechanoreceptors
    c. Chemoreceptors
    d. Thermoreceptors
    e. Photoreceptors

Nociceptors

16. What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?
    a. equilibrium receptor
    b. photoreceptor
    c. gustatory receptor
    d. olfactory receptor

olfactory receptor

17. What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?
    a. auditory tube
    b. external auditory canal
    c. tympanic membrane
    d. auricle (pinna)

external auditory canal

18. Your grandmother complains that the meal they just ate was rather bland and tasteless. This is because as an older person, their
    a. taste buds have not changed, but her taste center in the cerebral cortex has changed.
    b. taste buds are decreasing in number but increasing in sensitivity.
    c. taste buds are increasing in number but decreasing in sensitivity.
    d. taste buds are decreasing in number and decreasing in sensitivity.

taste buds are decreasing in number and decreasing in sensitivity.

19. Lamellated corpuscles detect deep pressure applied to the skin. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors?
    a. Mechanoreceptors
    b. Chemoreceptors
    c. Photoreceptors
    d. Baroreceptors
    e. Thermoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

20. The receptors responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibration are
    a. bulbous corpuscles.
    b. tactile corpuscles.
    c. end bulbs.
    d. arrector pili corpuscles.
    e. lamellated corpuscles.

lamellated corpuscles.

21. The most numerous type of receptor in the body is the
    a. photoceptor.
    b. chemoreceptor.
    c. tactile receptor.
    d. nociceptor.
    e. thermoreceptor.

tactile receptor.

22. A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm. This pain is known as
    a. phantom pain.
    b. covert pain.
    c. masked pain.
    d. selected pain.
    e. referred pain.

referred pain.

23. Some sensory receptors detect the stretch of specific blood vessels, which provides blood pressure information to the brain. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors?
    a. Baroreceptors
    b. Chemoreceptors
    c. Mechanoreceptors
    d. Thermoreceptors
    e. Photoreceptors

Baroreceptors

24. What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?
    a. vestibule
    b. auricle (pinna)
    c. tympanic membrane
    d. cochlea

tympanic membrane

25. On a warm spring day you feel the wisp of a gentle wind on your arm. What receptor could be responsible for this?
    a. Basal cell
    b. Root hair plexus
    c. Lamellated corpuscle
    d. Olfactory receptor cell
    e. Bulbous corpuscle
    f. Lamellated corpuscles

Root hair plexus

26. A child places their feet in a mountain stream and it is shockingly cold. After a while, they claim it's not so bad as they are now "used to it." This reduction in sensitivity to the cold water is called
    a. sensation.
    b. adaptation.
    c. conscious awareness.
    d. transduction.

adaptation.

27. What is the function of the auditory tube?
    a. To provide an airway between the middle and inner ear
    b. To transmit sound waves to the inner ear
    c. To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear
    d. To prevent the invasion of microorganisms into the inner ear
    e. To provide a passageway for fluid from the middle to the inner ear

To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

28. Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the
    a. organ of Corti
    b. oval window
    c. external acoustic meatus (auditory tube)
    d. auricle

organ of Corti

29. What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing?
    a. The tympanic membrane vibrates
    b. Ossicles vibrate
    c. Spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse
    d. Pressure wave vibrations are transferred to scala tympani and exit the inner ear via the round window
    e. Pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli
    a. a, b, e, c, d
    b. a, b, c, e, d
    c. c, b, a, d, e
    d. b, c, d, e, a
    e. e, c, d, a, b

a, b, e, c, d

30. Olfactory receptor cells are_ neurons.
    a. multipolar
    b. bipolar
    c. unipolar

bipolar

31. Our sense of equilibrium is created by the
    a. movement of otoliths along hair cells
    b. vibration of the tympanic membrane
    c. sound waves traveling through the cochlea
    d. transmission of light through the lens

movement of otoliths along hair cells

32. Some sensory receptors in the stomach wall detect distension (stretch) as the stomach fills. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors?
    a. Proprioceptors
    b. Interoceptors
    c. Thermoreceptors
    d. Exteroceptors
    e. Nociceptors

Interoceptors

33. Which of the following tastes is mispaired with what it detects?
    a. Sweet; organic compounds such as sugar
    b. Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons
    c. Sour; hydrogen ions from acids such as those in lemons
    d. Umami; amino acids such as glutamate or aspartate found in chicken soup
    e. Salty; metal ions such as potassium or sodium

Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons

34. Which is not a cell type found in the olfactory epithelium?
    a. Basal cell
    b. Olfactory receptor cell
    c. Supporting cell
    d. No exceptions; all are found in the olfactory epithelium
    e. Bowman’s cell

Bowman’s cell

35. Which structure is not considered to be part of the membranous labyrinth?
    a. Utricle
    b. Semicircular duct
    c. Saccule
    d. Cochlear duct
    e. Vestibule

Vestibule

36. The reason that certain odors can initiate behavioral and emotional reactions is because
    a. the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the occipital lobe.
    b. the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the medulla oblongata.
    c. olfactory sensations are interpreted at the prefrontal cortex.
    d. the sense of olfaction occurs immediately at the olfactory epithelium.
    e. there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.

there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.

37. The otolithic membrane functions in hearing and in maintaining equilibrium.
    a. True
    b. False

False

38. Tiny stones made of calcium that roll with gravity
    a. ossicles
    b. otoliths
    c. maculae
    d. cochlea

otoliths

39. The optic nerves cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the
    a. optic chiasma
    b. optic radiation
    c. optic tracts
    d. convergence

optic chiasma

40. The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the
    a. sclera
    b. retina
    c. choroid
    d. conjunctiva

conjunctiva

41. The gel-like substance that prevents the eyeball from collapsing inward
    a. ciliary body
    b. aqueous humor
    c. vitreous humor
    d. choroid

vitreous humor

42. The age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity
    a. myopia
    b. hyperopia
    c. presbyopia
    d. astigmatism

presbyopia

43. The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or
    a. myopia
    b. presbyopia
    c. astigmatism
    d. hyperopia

myopia

44. An astigmatism is an unequal curvature of the cornea.
    a. True
    b. False

True

45. Hyperopia and presbyopia are different because
    a. in hyperopia the lens can accommodate, but in presbyopia it cannot.
    b. nearsighted people never develop presbyopia
    c. one is farsightedness, and the other is nearsightedness.
    d. people with astigmatism never develop presbyopia

in hyperopia the lens can accommodate, but in presbyopia it cannot.

46. Which receptors detect changes in light intensity, color, and movement?
    a. Mechanoreceptors
    b. Photoreceptors
    c. Thermoreceptors
    d. Baroreceptors
    e. Chemoreceptors

Photoreceptors

47. Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?
    a. lacrimal
    b. ceruminous
    c. ciliary
    d. tarsal

lacrimal

48. Which is true about retinal detachment?
    a. It causes blindness immediately.
    b. It is not a medical emergency
    c. The detached portion contains no capillaries.
    d. It can result from a blow to the eye.

It can result from a blow to the eye.

49. The cornea can be transplanted easily because
    a. has no blood supply, except around the periphery.
    b. is not a human structure.
    c. has no nerve supply.
    d. is exposed and easily accessible.

has no blood supply, except around the periphery.

50. When Sam walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright sun, he experienced
    a. the accommodation pupillary reflex
    b. presbyopia
    c. the photopupillary reflex
    d. astigmatism

the photopupillary reflex

51. What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?
    a. refraction
    b. inversion
    c. binocular vision
    d. accommodation

accommodation

52. The conjunctiva is composed of_ epithelium.
    a. stratified columnar
    b. simple cuboidal
    c. simple squamous
    d. simple columnar
    e. stratified squamous

stratified columnar

53. Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?
    a. retina
    b. cornea
    c. sclera
    d. choroid

retina

54. When looking far away, the ciliary (lens) muscles are relaxed.
    a. True
    b. False

True

55. What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light?
    a. optic disc
    b. rods
    c. ganglion cells
    d. cones

rods

56. The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to
    a. regulate the amount of light entering the eye
    b. release tears onto the anterior surface of the eye
    c. refract light and focus it on the retina
    d. prevent light from scattering inside the eye

prevent light from scattering inside the eye

57. Correctly list the pathway of light through the eye
    a. cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
    b. cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor
    c. aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
    d. vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

58. Increased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye
    a. presbyopia
    b. glaucoma
    c. hyperopia
    d. myopia

glaucoma

59. What vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency?
    a. night blindness
    b. cataracts
    c. presbyopia
    d. glaucoma

cataracts

60. A person with total color blindness may lack
    a. cones
    b. optic disc
    c. hair cells
    d. rods

cones

61. The medical term for "Crossed eyes"
    a. strabismus
    b. presbyopia
    c. glaucoma
    d. myopia

strabismus

62. The conjunctiva that cover the anterior surface of the eye is termed the_ conjunctiva.
    a. palpebral
    b. retinal
    c. epithelial
    d. ocular
    e. Visceral

ocular

63. Glaucoma causes
    a. an enlarged cornea.
    b. a decrease in the size of the vitreous humor.
    c. stretching of the suspensory ligaments.
    d. shrinkage of the ciliary body.
    e. an increase in pressure in the posterior chamber.

an increase in pressure in the posterior chamber.

64. “Far-sighted” people suffer from emmetropia.
    a. True
    b. False

False

65. The primary function of eyebrows is to
    a. form a protective barrier of fat and hair to help shade the eye.
    b. prevent objects from striking the eye.
    c. allow the appropriate amount of light to enter the eye.
    d. prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye.
    e. prevent excess light from entering the eye.

prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye.

66. Which photoreceptor cells are more numerous?
    a. Cones
    b. Rods

Rods

67. What is the order of eye tunics from outermost to innermost?
    a. Neural tunic
    b. Fibrous tunic
    c. Vascular tunic
    a. c, a, b
    b. b, a, c
    c. b, c, a
    d. a, b, c

68. When reading up close, the lens muscles are relaxed.​
    a. True
    b. False

False

69. What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors?
    a. Posterior retina
    b. Fovea centralis
    c. All of the choices are correct.
    d. Optic disc
    e. Macula lutea

Optic disc

70. What region of the retina that has no photoreceptor cells?
    a. choroid
    b. iris
    c. optic disc
    d. sclera

optic disc

71. Which statement regarding the cornea is not true?
    a. The cornea serves to refract light rays.
    b. The cornea lacks blood vessels (it is avascular).
    c. The external corneal epithelium receives nourishment from lacrimal gland secretions.
    d. The cornea lacks nerves (it is aneural).
    e. The internal corneal epithelium obtains oxygen from fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye.

The cornea lacks nerves (it is aneural).

72. The fibrous tunic of the eye is composed of two parts. What are they?
    a. The conjunctiva and the sclera
    b. The sclera and the uvea
    c. The sclera and the retina
    d. The conjunctiva and the cornea
    e. The cornea and the sclera

The cornea and the sclera

73. Accommodation of the lens occurs when
    a. the ciliary body moves closer to the lens.
    b. All of these choices are correct.
    c. the lens becomes more spherical.
    d. parasympathetic axons stimulate the ciliary muscles.
    e. ciliary muscles contract.

All of these choices are correct.

74. Which structure provides vitamin A to photoreceptor cells?
    a. Cornea
    b. Pigmented layer of the retina
    c. Sclera
    d. Neural layer of the retina
    e. Conjunctiva

Pigmented layer of the retina

75. Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?
    a. glaucoma
    b. color blindness
    c. cataracts
    d. conjunctivitis

color blindness

76. The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the
    a. vitreous humor.
    b. mucoid body.
    c. lacrimal secretion.
    d. scleroid humor.
    e. hyaloid mass.

vitreous humor.

77. The lens of the eye flattens when
    a. ciliary muscles contract.
    b. extrinsic eye muscles relax.
    c. ciliary muscles relax.
    d. extrinsic eye muscles contract.
    e. intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

ciliary muscles relax.

78. Where is the greatest concentration of cones located?
    a. In the optic nerve
    b. In the fovea centralis
    c. In the posterior retina
    d. In the optic disc
    e. In the choroid

In the fovea centralis

79. The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the
    a. cornea
    b. lens
    c. iris
    d. pupil

lens

80. The eye structure that transmits and refracts incoming light is the
    a. pupil.
    b. conjunctiva.
    c. iris.
    d. ciliary body.
    e. cornea.

cornea.

81. The sclera
    a. supplies nourishment to the inner eye.
    b. is the major layer of blood vessels and nerves to the eye.
    c. supplies oxygen to the retina.
    d. provides shape and blood to the inner eye.
    e. protects the inner eye and provides shape to the eye.

protects the inner eye and provides shape to the eye.

82. A small, distant object is viewed in perfect, crisp focus. Light from this object must be striking the
    a. fovea centralis.
    b. macula lutea.
    c. optic disc.
    d. regions of the retina most densely packed with rods.

fovea centralis.

83. A physician shines a light into the right eye of a patient, and the pupil size decreases. The structure responsible for this change in pupil size is the
    a. ora serrata.
    b. suspensory ligament.
    c. iris.
    d. anterior chamber.
    e. cornea.

iris.

84. The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the_ conjunctiva.
    a. palpebral
    b. epithelial
    c. retinal
    d. ocular
    e. visceral

palpebral

85. Which is not correct about the vascular tunic of the eye?
    a. Melanin pigment granules in the choroid absorb extraneous light.
    b. The iris is composed of two groups of skeletal muscle fibers.
    c. The ciliary body epithelium secretes aqueous humor.
    d. The choroid is the most extensive and posterior region of the vascular tunic.
    e. Relaxation and contraction of ciliary muscles alter the shape of the lens.

The iris is composed of two groups of skeletal muscle fibers.

86. Where would you find the protein crystallin?
    a. In the ciliary body
    b. In the optic nerve
    c. In the lens
    d. In the retina
    e. In the choroids

In the lens

87. The structure of the eye that converts light rays to nerve impulses is the
    a. pigmented layer of the retina.
    b. conjunctiva.
    c. sclera.
    d. cornea.
    e. neural layer of the retina.

neural layer of the retina.

88. Which of the following are gonadotropins?
    a. FSH and LH
    b. Estrogen, Progesterone, FSH and LH
    c. Estrogen and Progesterone
    d. Growth hormone and Cortisol

FSH and LH

89. Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    a. hypoglycemia
    b. diabetes mellitus
    c. goiter
    d. diabetes insipidus

diabetes insipidus

90. Which two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary?
    a. cortisol; aldosterone
    b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin
    c. growth hormone; prolactin
    d. oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

91. Growth hormone promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body.
    a. True
    b. False

True

92. Acromegaly is hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended.
    a. True
    b. False

True

93. Which one is a continuation of the brain?
    a. Posterior pituitary
    b. Anterior pituitary

Posterior pituitary

94. Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?
    a. nervous system
    b. immune system
    c. integumentary system
    d. endocrine system

endocrine system

95. The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum (stalk)
    a. True
    b. False

True

96. The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are
    a. prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
    b. thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
    c. calcitonin and thyroid hormone
    d. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

97. Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood
    a. pituitary dwarfism
    b. acromegaly
    c. Cushing's disease
    d. gigantism

pituitary dwarfism

98. What is the target organ of thyroid-stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TSH-RH)?
    a. adrenal
    b. pineal
    c. thyroid
    d. pituitary

pituitary

99. Hyposecretion of LH or FSH results in sterility
    a. True
    b. False

True

100. Antidiuretic hormone promotes sodium and water retention.
     a. True
     b. False

False