Claims, logical fallacies and syllogisms

fact claim

an argumentative thesis which makes a quantifiable assertion; in other words, it is an argument (claim) about a measurable topic (fact).

value claim

an argumentative thesis which makes a qualifiable assertion; in other words, it is an argument (claim) about a moral, aesthetic, or philosophical topic (value).

policy claim

an argumentative thesis which makes an assertion about a course of action the reader should take; in other words, it is an argument (claim) about an actionable topic (policy).

Begging the Question

Circular logic, it repeats the claim over and over

non sequitur

a reply that has no relevance to what preceded it, no sense whatsoever

post hoc

the logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession implies a causal relation,

faulty analogies

they use an example that does not make sense EX: Coffee to a velvet dress

Hasty Generalization

Draws a conclusion with little to no evedence

red herring

The writer tries to change the subject

equivocation

uses the same word but used a different way

Ignoring the Question

The writer shifts the argument saying unrelated stuff

Opposing a Straw Man

a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

Either Or arguments

This or that, not looking at other options

slippery Slope

1 action will result in the end of the world

Bandwagon Appeals

If every one is doing it, then you should do it too

False Authority

Trashing someone who does not know a lot about something

ad hominem

an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself

Tu Quoque

Avoids the argument by making similar charges against the opponet