English Semantics: Modules 1 to 3 Review

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering core concepts from English Semantics Modules 1 through 3, including levels of meaning, sense and reference, semantic dimensions, componential analysis, selectional restrictions, markedness, lexical relations, polysemy, homonymy, and prototype categorization.

Semantics is defined as the branch of linguistics that studies __________ meaning in language.

conventional

While __________ refers to the particular entity identified in a specific context, __________ is the linguistic way an expression presents or describes something.

reference; sense

The __________ of an expression refers to the set of actual entities to which it correctly applies, whereas the __________ refers to its defining conditions or properties.

extension; intension

When studying what prefixes like "re-" or "un-" contribute to meaning, the analysis is conducted at the level of __________ meaning.

morpheme

The meaning problem where an expression has a single general scalar meaning without a fixed cutoff point (such as "Submit early") is known as __________.

vagueness

In Filipino communication, words such as "Po," "Opo," "Ate," and "Kuya" convey more than dictionary definitions by carrying strong __________ and social meaning.

cultural

__________ meaning occurs when one salient sense or association of a word influences the interpretation of another sense, such as an unintentional taboo association.

Reflected

The conventional co-occurrence preference for "strong coffee" instead of "powerful coffee" is an example of __________ meaning.

collocative

In componential analysis, a __________ is a group of lexical items that share one or more semantically relevant features.

natural class

In the selectional restriction diagram shown, the predicate DRINK creates a literal mismatch with "The idea drank coffee" because "idea" fails the expected subject condition of being an __________.

animate entity capable of drinking

__________ are semantic expectations that predicates place on their arguments, such as a verb requiring an animate eater.

Selectional restrictions

In linguistic contrasts, an __________ term acts as the general or neutral form, while a __________ term carries an additional specific distinction.

unmarked; marked

According to the lexical relations diagram shown, the relation representing category inclusion ("kind-of") is known as __________, while the part-of relation is known as __________.

hyponymy; meronymy

Opposites on a scale that allow intermediate values and degree modifiers like "very" are called __________ antonyms, whereas mutually exclusive binary opposites like "alive/dead" are called __________ antonyms.

gradable; complementary

Lexical pairs such as "buy/sell" and "employer/employee" describe the same situation from opposite participant roles and are called __________ or relational opposites.

converses

Terms such as "Monday" and "Tuesday" belong to the same domain but exclude one another in the same slot, illustrating the relation of __________.

incompatibility

A __________ is a network of lexically related expressions associated with a shared domain of experience, such as university life or weather.

semantic field

As illustrated in the diagram, __________ involves one lexeme with multiple related senses (like "HEAD"), whereas __________ involves unrelated meanings sharing the same form (like "BANK").

polysemy; homonymy

Based on the visual guide for form-based ambiguity, words that share pronunciation but have different spellings and meanings (such as "right / write") are categorized as __________.

homophones

Words that share the same spelling but differ in sound and meaning (such as "lead /li:d/" vs "lead /lɛd/") are categorized as __________.

homographs

The __________ view treats category membership as determined by necessary and sufficient conditions, whereas __________ theory organizes categories around central, representative members.

classical; prototype

The diagram of prototype structure demonstrates that typicality is a matter of degree, dividing category members into "most typical", "less typical", and __________ members.

peripheral / contested

Originating from Wittgenstein, the network shown illustrates that category members can be connected through overlapping similarities without a single common feature shared by every member, known as __________.

family resemblance

As shown on the category continuum figure, categories with __________ have clear central examples but membership judgments become contestable toward borderline cases.

fuzzy boundaries