renal functinig test part 4 final

What does GFR tell us?

How well the kidneys filter

Inulin is given to the patient by:
A. Mouth
B. IV
C. Urine
D. Inhalation

B. IV

Inulin is considered an ______ substance because it is given from outside the body.
A. endogenous
B. exogenous
C. intrinsic
D. internal

B. exogenous because the body doesnt produce it,

After inulin is given, what is measured?
The amount appearing in urine measured

A radionucleotide clearance test uses:
A. A radioactive tracer
B. Glucose
C. Hemoglobin
D. Platelets

A. A radioactive tracer

If the kidneys are filtering poorly, GFR generally:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays exactly the same
D. Becomes zero immediately

B. Decreases

True or False: Beta₂-microglobulin is exactly the same thing as GFR.

false

What does CrCl stand for?

A. Creatinine collection
B. Creatinine clearance
C. Creatine concentration
D. Creatinine calculation

B. Creatinine clearance

How long is urine collected for a creatinine clearance test?

A. 1 hour
B. 8 hours
C. 12 hours
D. 24 hours

D. 24 hours

In the formula C = UV/P, what does U, V and P represent?

U= urine creatinine

V= urine volume

P= plasma protein

If plasma creatinine increases, creatinine clearance generally:

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Doesn't change
D. Becomes zero

B. Decreases

Elevated plasma creatinine generally indicates:

A. Increased GFR
B. Decreased GFR
C. Increased RBC production
D. Increased urine volume

B. Decreased GFR

What can bacteria do to creatinine in an improperly stored urine specimen?

A. Increase it
B. Break it down
C. Turn it into glucose
D. Turn it into protein

B. Break it down

. A heavy meat diet can:

A. Decrease plasma creatinine
B. Increase plasma creatinine
C. Eliminate creatinine
D. Stop GFR

B. Increase plasma creatinine

Why can muscle-wasting disease make CrCl less reliable?

A. There is too much muscle
B. There may be less creatinine production
C. The kidneys stop making urine
D. Plasma contains too much glucose

B. There may be less creatinine production

. True or False: Plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance are directly proportional.

false they are inversely related

True or False: Creatinine clearance is reported in mL/min.

true

What does SA stand for?
A. Serum analysis
B. Surface area
C. Sodium absorption
D. Sample aliquot

B. Surface area

What does PCr mean?
A. Plasma/serum creatinine
B. Plasma calcium
C. Plasma chloride
D. Plasma clearance

D. Plasma clearance

What does UrCr mean?
A. Urine calcium
B. Urine creatinine concentration
C. Urine clearance
D. Urine protein

C. Urine clearance

What is the standard body surface area used in the correction?
A. 1.00 m²
B. 1.50 m²
C. 1.73 m²
D. 2.50 m²

C. 1.73 m²

. Why is the 1.73 m² correction used?
A. To correct for body surface area
B. To increase urine volume
C. To measure plasma protein
D. To measure blood pressure

A. To correct for body surface area

Write the formula

CrCl = __________ × __________ ÷ __________ × 1.73/__________

UrCr × V ÷ PCr × 1.73/SA

What does MDRD stand for?

Modification of Diet in Renal Disease

If the number of functioning nephrons decreases, GFR generally:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Does not change
D. Becomes impossible to measure

B. Decreases

Why is GFR important when considering some medications?
A. It helps assess how well the kidneys can handle substances eliminated by the kidneys.
B. It tells you the patient's blood type.
C. It measures RBC size.
D. It measures liver enzymes.

A. It helps assess how well the kidneys can handle substances eliminated by the kidneys.

Which two markers are listed in your notes as ways to monitor GFR?
A. Cystatin C and beta₂-microglobulin
B. Hemoglobin and hematocrit
C. Albumin and glucose
D. Sodium and potassium

A. Cystatin C and beta₂-microglobulin

True or False: GFR depends partly on the number of functioning nephrons.

true

Tubular reabsorption tests are primarily testing the kidney's ability to:

A. Make RBCs
B. Concentrate urine
C. Produce glucose
D. Make antibodies

B. Concentrate urine

. Kidney tubular disease can cause a loss of the ability to:

A. Concentrate urine
B. Make hemoglobin
C. Produce platelets
D. Digest proteins

A. Concentrate urine

Specific gravity is affected by:

A. Only the number of particles
B. Only the color of urine
C. Number and density of particles
D. Only urine volume

C. Number and density of particles

Osmolality is mainly affected by:

A. Number of particles
B. Color of particles
C. Size of the kidney
D. Urine temperature only

A. Number of particles

A dehydrated patient would generally have:

A. Dilute urine
B. Concentrated urine
C. No urine
D. Zero specific gravity

B. Concentrated urine

Concentrated urine generally has a ______ specific gravity.

A. Higher
B. Lower
C. Zero
D. Unchanged

A. Higher

What does an osmole measure?

A. Weight of urine
B. Number of osmotically active particles
C. Amount of protein
D. Urine volume

B. Number of osmotically active particles

. What happens to the freezing point when more particles are added?

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
D. Becomes zero

B. Decreases

What happens to boiling point when more particles are present?

A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. No change
D. Disappears

B. Increases

What happens to osmotic pressure when the number of particles increases?

A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Stays the same
D. Becomes zero

B. Increases

What does the laboratory measure to determine osmolarity/osmolality according to your notes?

A. Boiling point elevation
B. Vapor pressure
C. Freezing point depression
D. pH

C. Freezing point depression

Why is the sample vibrated?

To cause crystal formation

What happens to the temperature when ice crystals begin forming?

he temperature rises

What does the temperature probe measure?

The temperature change

What happens to freezing-point depression when the number of particles increases?

Freezing-point depression increases

What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality?

Osmolarity = osmoles/L of solution; osmolality = osmoles/kg of solvent

Give two examples of volatile substances that can interfere with osmometry

Ethanol and methanol

What can lactic acid do to a measured osmolarity?

It can falsely increase osmolarity

Does high ADH usually produce concentrated or dilute urine?

Concentrated urine

High ADH → ______ urine osmolality.

Higher osmolality