Chemistry - Properties of Solids

What are the various types of Solids?

NP Covalent Solids, P Covalent Solids, Covalent Network Solids, Ionic Solids (Salts), Metallic Solids (Metals).

I₂, S₈, and P₄ are examples of what Solid?

NP Covalent Solids.

Water, DNA, and Glucose are examples of what Solid?

P Covalent Solid.

what are the most common Covalent Network Solids you will see?

Diamond (C), Graphite (C), Quartz (SiO₂), and Silicon Carbide (SiC).

What types of Particles are involved in Covalent Network Solids?

Non-Metal atoms, which are usually carbon (C) and silicon (Si), with a Change in EN of <0.5.

Non-metal atoms of more than one type with a Change in EN b/w the atoms of [0.5, 1.7] describe what Solid?

P Covalent Solid.

Non-Metal atoms of usually one type with a Change in EN b/w the atoms of >0.5 describe what Solid?

NP Covalent Solids.

Which Solids have a simplest unit, and therefore have IMFs between them (Form Molecules)

Non-Polar and Polar Covalent Solids.

What Intramolecular forces are present in Non-Polar Covalent compounds?

Non-Polar Covalent Bonds.

What Intermolecular forces are present in Non-Polar Covalent compounds?

LDFs (as molecule is Non-Polar, LDFs are the only IMFs present).

What Intramolecular forces are present in Polar Covalent compounds?

Polar Covalent Bonds (Maybe some NP Covalent bonds).

What Intermolecular forces are present in Polar Covalent compounds?

LDFs, Dipole-Dipole, and maybe H-bonds (if H-NOF is present).

What Intramolecular forces are present in Covalent Network Solids?

Non-Polar Covalent Bonds (in repeating Tetrahedral Structure).

What Intermolecular forces are present in Covalent Network Solids?

No official IMFs as there are no Molecules present, but, ***GRAPHITE*** is an exception due to the electrons b/w its layers, causing LDFs to be present.

What Intramolecular forces are present in Ionic Solids (Salts)?

Ionic Bonds (specific crystal lattice structure is formed through electrostatic attraction b/w + and - ions.).

What Intermolecular forces are present in Ionic Solids (Salts)?

Ionic Bonds (for salts (Ionic Solids) Ionic bonds are present in both Intra- and Inter-molecular Forces).

What Intramolecular forces are present in Metallic Solids (Metals)?

Metallic Bonds.

What Intermolecular forces are present in Metallic Solids (Metals)?

No official Bonds b/w as no Molecules are present.

List the MP trends for Solids from least to greatest MP.

Non-Polar Covalent, Polar Covalent, Metallic, Ionic, Covalent Network.

What factor effect LDF strength?

Number of electors and size of molecule (smaller = greater LDF strength)

List the differences in bond strength of the 5 molecular solids from greatest to least.

Covalent Netwrok Solids, Ionic Solids, Metallic Solids, Polar Covalent Solids, and Non-Polar Covalent Solids.

What factors effect the strength of Ionic Bonds?

Charge and Size, (> Charge and < Size = Stronger Ionic Bond).

What factors effect the strength of Metallic Bonds?

The number of Valence Electrons and the distance b/w nuclei. (> number of Valence electrons and shorter distance b/w atomic nuclei = stronger metallic bonds.).

What Solids are Soluble in water?

Polar Covalent Solids, Ionic Solids.

What Solids are Insoluble in water?

Non-Polar Covalent Solids, Covalent Network Solids, Metallic Solids.

What are the ONLY substances that can conductive electricity?

Acids and Bases, Graphite, Ionic Solids ONLY in (l) or (aq) state, and any Metallic Solid.

A substance that is Soft and a gas or liquid at room temperature describes what Solid?

Non-Polar and Polar Covalent Solids.

A substance that is Brittle but doesn’t break under pressure (Diamond and Graphite) describes what Solid?

Covalent Network Solids.

A substance that is Brittle when the crystal structure is distributed but strong due to their bonds describes what Solid?

Ionic Solids (Salts).

A substance that is Ductile and Malleable and varies from soft to very hard describes what Solid?

Metallic Solids.