Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton

Flashcards about the appendicular skeleton, bone surface markings, and development of the skeletal system.

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle and scapulas

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Coxal bones, sacrum, pubic symphysis

What are the bones of the arm?

Humerus, radius, ulna, wrist and hand bones

What are the bones of the leg?

Femur, tibia, fibula, ankle and foot bones

What are bone surface markings?

Structural features adapted for specific functions on bones.

What is the purpose of depressions and openings on bones?

Allow the passage of soft tissues and form joints

What is the purpose of processes on bones?

Projections or outgrowths that form joints and serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons

What is a fossa?

Shallow depression

What is a sulcus?

Furrow along bone surface that accommodates blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

What is a condyle?

Large, round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone.

What is a facet?

Smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface.

What is a head (of a bone)?

Usually rounded articular projection supported on neck of bone.

What is a crest (of a bone)?

Prominent ridge or elongated projection.

What is an epicondyle?

Typically roughened projection above a condyle

What is a line (linea) on a bone?

Long, narrow ridge or border (less prominent than crest).

What is a spinous process?

Sharp, slender projection.

What is a trochanter?

Very large projection.

What is a tubercle?

Variably-sized rounded projection.

What is a tuberosity?

Variably-sized projection that has a rough, bumpy surface

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle and scapula

What does the medial (sternal) end of the clavicle articulate with?

It articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

What does the lateral (acromial) end of the clavicle articulate with?

It articulates with the acromion of the scapula

Between which ribs is the scapula located?

Second and seventh ribs

What is the glenoid cavity's function?

Attachment point for the humerus

With what bones does the humerus articulate?

Scapula proximally, radius and ulna distally

Name the bones of the upper limb.

Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

What forms the trochlear notch of the ulna?

Olecranon and coronoid process

On which side of the forearm is the radius located?

Thumb

Name the bones of the proximal row of carpals.

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Name the bones of the distal row of carpals.

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

Support the weight of the upper body, protect pelvic organs, serve as attachment for lower limbs

What three individual bones make up each hip bone?

Ilium, ischium, pubis

Which bone articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone?

Femur

Where is the false (greater) pelvis located?

Superior to the pelvic brim

Where is the true (lesser) pelvis located?

Inferior to the pelvic brim

What are the characteristics of the femur?

Longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body

Where does the patella develop?

In the quadriceps tendon

With what bones does the tibia articulate?

Femur and talus bone of the ankle

Name the tarsal bones.

Talus, calcaneus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid

What is the purpose of the arches of the foot?

Support the weight of the body, provide leverage while walking, and distribute the body’s weight

What are the two arches of the foot?

Longitudinal and transverse arches

From which primary germ layer does most skeletal tissue arise?

Mesoderm

From which primary germ layer does most of the skull arise?

Ectoderm

What are the two ways skull bones develop?

Endochondral and intramembranous ossification

Into what two parts is the viscerocranium divided?

Cartilaginous and membranous viscerocranium