Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Properties

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts related to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, gas properties, and the related scientific principles.

What is Kinetic Energy (KE)?

The energy of motion.

What is the formula for Kinetic Energy?

KE = 1/2 m v², where m is mass in kg and v is velocity in m/s.

At the same temperature, what can be said about the kinetic energy of particles?

All particles have the same amount of kinetic energy.

Why do lighter particles move faster than heavier particles at the same temperature?

Because lighter particles have less mass and maintain the same kinetic energy as heavier particles.

Which gas, hydrogen (H2) or neon (Ne), moves faster at 0.0°C?

Hydrogen (H2) moves faster than neon (Ne).

What are the five assumptions of the Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT) of gases?

1) Gases consist of tiny particles that are far apart. 2) Collisions are perfectly elastic. 3) Particles are in rapid, random motion. 4) No forces of attraction between particles. 5) Temperature depends on average kinetic energy.

What is an ideal gas?

A gas that follows all assumptions of the kinetic theory.

When do real gases behave most like ideal gases?

At low pressures and high temperatures.

What is diffusion?

The tendency to move from high concentration to low concentration.

What is effusion?

The process of gas particles escaping through a tiny hole.

Why do lighter gases diffuse and effuse faster than heavier gases?

Lighter gases have higher velocities and less mass.

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion and effusion?

Higher temperature increases the rate as particles move faster.

What is a supercritical fluid?

A substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, exhibiting properties of both liquid and gas.

What is vapor pressure?

The pressure exerted by a gas above a liquid when the gas and liquid are at equilibrium.

What is the boiling point?

The temperature when the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.

What are volatile liquids?

Liquids with high vapor pressures that evaporate quickly due to weak intermolecular forces.

What are the strongest intermolecular forces?

Ion-dipole forces.

What factors contribute to the vapor pressure of an organic molecule?

1) Temperature 2) Intermolecular forces 3) Molecular weight.

What is the formula for pressure?

P = F / A, where P is pressure, F is force, and A is area.

How can you increase pressure?

By increasing the force or decreasing the surface area.

What is STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)?

Standard temperature is 0°C (273.15 K) and standard pressure is 1 atm.

What is absolute zero?

The theoretical temperature of 0 K, where all molecular motion ceases.

What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.

What is Dalton's law of partial pressures?

Each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure, and the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures.

What is a manometer used for?

To measure the pressure of gases, usually inside a container compared to atmospheric pressure.

What is a vacuum?

An empty space with no particles, resulting in no pressure.