Studied by 1 person
HOSA
accessory motion
ability of the joint surfaces to glide, roll, and spin on one another
active assisted range of motion
joint movement in which the patient may be assisted either manually or mechanically through an arc of movement
active range of motion (AROM)
ability of the patient to voluntarily move a limb through an arc of movement
active resisted exercise
joint movement in which an external force resists the movement
activities of daily living (ADLS)
activities in which individuals participates daily to meet their basic needs
adaptive equipment
pieces of equipment that allow individuals to perform functional tasks with increased ease or independence
aerobic training
exercise program that uses oxygen as the major energy source
akinesia
poverty of movements
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
also known as Lou Gehrig's disease; rapidly progressive neurological disorder associated with a degeneration of the motor nerve cells
anencephaly
a form of neural tube defect that results from a lack of the neural tube closure at the base of the brain. It is not compatible with life and results in fetal death or death shortly after delivery
angina
condition in which chest pain occurs from ischemia
angiography
technique in which radiopaque material is injected into the blood vessels to better visualize and identify problem such as occlusion (blockage) of blood vessels, aneurysms, and vascular malformations
aquatic physical therapy
Therapeutic use of water for rehabilitation or prevention of injury
arterial insufficiency
deficiency or occlusion of blood flow through an artery
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
assessment
measurement or assigned value by which physical therapists make a clinical judgement
assistive device
device that provides individuals with assistance to perform tasks or during periods of mobility
autism
A neural developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication skills, and repetitive behaviors
autonomous practice
services provided by physical therapists using independent, professional judgement within their scope of practice
bariatrics
Area of health care that deals with the origin, prevention, and treatment of obesity
blood gas analysis
assessment of blood (usually arterial) to determine the con-centrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide
bradykinesia
slowness of movements
brunnstrom approach
neurologic technique based on the natural sequence of recovery after stroke
bursitis
inflammation of bursae, fluid-filled sacs located throughout the body that decrease the friction between two structures
cardiac catheterization
passage of a catheter (a flexible tube) into an artery in the arm or leg, then along the artery to reach the heart and measure pressure, inject dye, or take a tissue sample
cardiac muscle dysfunction
various pathologic conditions associated with heart failure
cardiac pacemaker
electronic device that produces a pulse to control heart depolarization
cerebral palsy (CP)
group of conditions caused by a nonprogressive lesion on the brain. Most often CP has origin during gestation (before birth), at birth, or immediately after birth and is caused by an interruption of oxygen to the brain of the fetus or newborn
certification
process by which state legally regulates the use of professional title without creating a separate scope of practice. state law will not permit use of the title unless state standards are met. This differs from the private certification offered by private organizations for meeting the standards of that organization. CHAPTER
chronic inflammation
low-grade, protracted inflammatory process
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
group of disorders that produce certain specific physical symptoms, including chronic productive cough, excessive mucus production, changes in the sound produced when air passes through the bronchial tubes, and shortness of breath
civil law
law of a jurisdiction concerned with private rights and remedies; the administration of justice involving the violation of private duties owed by individuals
client
individual who seeks the services of a physical therapist to maintain health, or a business that hires a physical therapist as a consultant
closed kinetic chain exercise
exercise incorporating several muscle groups through the use of several joints with the end segment fixed
clubfoot
disorder in which the foot is turned inward and slanted upward
code of ethics
principles set forth for the physical therapy profession by APTA for maintaining and promoting ethical practice
collagen
supportive, strong, and fibrous connective tissue protein that is found in the dermis, tendon, cartilage, fascia, ligament, and bone
common law
law created by court decision rather than by legislative action
computed (axial) tomography (CAT or CT)
computer synthesis of x rays transmitted through a specific plane of the body
conducting airways
passageways and tubes that allow air to pass into or out of the lungs
congestive heart failure (CHF)
condition in which the heart muscle is compromised to the point that it cannot move blood volume effectively
contract
agreement between two or more persons that creates a legal obligation to do, or not do, a particular thing
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
grafting (attaching) a small artery or a leg vein to a point beyond the blockage or plaque
coronary heart disease (CHD)
arteriosclerosis, or a hardening of the arteries, affecting the coronary vessels
criminal law
administration of justice, through the enforcement of the criminal code of a state or of the united states; involves violations of duties owed to society at large
cryotherapy
application of cold agents to cause decreases in blood flow and metabolism, which result in a decrease in swelling and pain
cystic fibrosis (CF)
most common inherited chronic pulmonary disease among white children, characterized by production of thick mucus with progressive lung damage
deductible
amount of money that must be paid by insured before a health insurer will assume any liability for covered services
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
dermis
portion of the skin directly under the dermis; it is made up of fibrous connective tissue and supports sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerves and nerve endings, blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles, and their allied smooth muscle
developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
motor condition in children encompassing a wide range of dysfunctions, including gross or fine motor coordination problems such as awkward running, frequent falling, slow reaction times, immature balance reactions, poor handwriting, and difficulty with activities of daily living such as dressing
developmental delay
failure to attain predictable movement patterns or behaviors associated with children of a similar chronologic age
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
dislocation resulting from the abnormal development of some of the structures surrounding the hip joint, allowing the head of the femur to move in and out of the hip socket, cause is unknown
developmental milestone
movement pattern that appears at a certain stage of growth and development
diagnosis
final interpretation of findings based on examinations
direct access
availability of the physical therapist to anyone seeking physical therapy services without stipulation of a referral by another health care provider
disablement model
conceptual approach to health care based on the functional abilities of the patient/client that results from a medical condition
disablement process
examination process that focuses on the individual's impairments, functional limitations, disability, and resultant restrictions in activites
discharge
termination of services when goals have been achieved
discontinuation
termination of services as determined by the patient/client or physical therapist
down syndrome
congenital developmental disability caused by a defect of chromosome 21; sometimes called trisomy 21. characterized by low muscle tone, a flat facial profile, upwardly slanted eyes, short stature, varying levels of intellectual ability, slowed growth and development, a small nose with a low nasal bridge, and congenital heart disease
duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
progressive pelvic muscle weakness and wasting in the male child, combined with enlarged, yet weak, thigh muscles and tight heel cords
dynamic balnce
balance maintained with the body in motion
dynamical systems theory
treatment approach in children that incorporates all of the body's systems with the environment to facilitate or inhibit movements. process of moving rather than the product of movement
dysfunction
any functional disability
dyspnea
shortness of breath
echocardiography
technique using high-frequency ultrasound to assess the size of the heart chambers, the thickness of the chamber walls, and the motion of the chamber walls and heart valves
eclectic approach
combination of therapeutic approaches used by the physical therapist and thought to be useful for treatment of a given client
electrical stimulation
application of electricity at specified locations to stimulate nerves, muscles, and other soft tissues to reduce pain and swelling, to increase strength and range of motion, and to facilitate wound healing
electrocardiogram (ECG)
readout produced by placing electrodes on the anterior chest wall to record depolarization or contraction of the heart muscle assess the heart's rate and rhythm
electroencephalography (EEG)
technique for recording the electrical potential or activity in the brain by placing electrodes on the scalp
electromyography (EMG)
technique for recording the electrical activity in the muscle during a state of rest and during voluntary contraction
embolus
clot formed by a substance detached from elsewhere
enablement process
examination process that focuses on the individual's structural body and concurrent abilities while addressing age-appropriate movement patterns and activites
entitlement
right or privilege
epidermis
outer layer of the skin
ergonomics
relationship between the worker, tasks, and work environment
evaluation
judgment based on an examination
evidence-based practice
interventions used in physical therapy, based on research that demonstrates the reliability and validity of the procedures
examination
process of gathering info about the past and current status of the patient/client
exercise stress testing
noninvasive method of determining how the cardiovascular and pulmonary system respond to controlled increases in activity; most frequently used to diagnose or assess suspected or established cardiovascular disease
expiration
breathing out
expressive aphasia
impaired ability to express oneself
family assessment
family interview, survey, or discussion used to obtain the family's insights regarding a patient, espically a child; includes family history, relationships, concerns, needs, and resources.
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
most severe condition in a continuum of alcohol induced disabilities related to high levels of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
flexibility
ability to move a limb segment through a range of motion
flexibility exercise
exercise performed over time, using stress, to change the length and elasticity of soft tissue such as muscle; usually performed for postural or ROM enhancement
fluidotherapy
use of a self-contained unit filled with sawdust-type particles heated to the desired temperature and circulated by air pressure around the involved body part
foundation for physical therapy
organization, separate from APTA, that promotes and provides financial support for scientific research, clinical research, and health services research in physical therapy
fracture
break in bone
frail elderly
people over age 65 yrs with conditions that significantly impair their daily function
functional capacity evaluation
examination of a worker's physical abilities to perform required tasks
functional exercise
exercise that mimics functional movements and activates functional movements incorporate strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination
functional limitation
decreased ability of a person to perform a task, without regard to the context or environment
functional reach test
specific balance test that can predict the likelihood of falling
goal-directed movement approach
treatment approach that emphasizes the importance of both task and environmental features as a primary impetus for movement
goals
measurable, functional objectives that are linked to a problem identified in a patient evaluation
goniometer
instrument used to measure and document ROM
goniometry
methods to measure and document ROM
ground substance
supportive, amorphous gel like substance secreted by fibro-blasts; fills space between connective tissue fibers and cells
