Unit 1- Biology- B1- [Cell structure and function]

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What is the cell-surface membrane in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

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This is B1 of biology unit 1 in the applied science foundation diploma series of Pearson edexcel

63 Terms

1

What is the cell-surface membrane in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Phospholipid bilayer

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2

What is the bilayer responsible for?

controlling the passage of substances across exchange surfaces

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3

What is a cell?

The smallest unit of a living thing

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4

What is a prokaryotic cell?

single celled organisms like bacteria (no nucleus)

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5

What is a eukaryote?

cell with a nucleus

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6

How do prokaryotic cells multiply?

binary fission

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7

How do eukaryotic cells multiply?

mitosis or meiosis

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8

What do most animal cells have?

- mitochondria
- ribosomes
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi
- lysosomes
-nucleus
- cell membrane

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9

What is flagella used for?

locomotion

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10

What is pili?

used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation

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11

What is fimbriae?

used by bacteria to attach to a host cell

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12

What does the capsule enable prokaryotic cells to do?

stick to surfaces

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13

What do most prokaryotes have?

a peptidoglycan cell wall

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14

What are ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

70s- thus means that the subunit is 50s large and 30s small

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15

What are vesicles

sacs made of membrane

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16

What is the function of the cell wall?

Provides the cell with support and protection, mainly made with cellulose fibres and water dissolved substances

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17

What is the function of the capsule?

Prevents desiccation (water loss) and stops digestion by phagocytosis

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18

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell. Its a fluid of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates

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19

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Site of chemical reactions

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20

What is the function of the nucleoid?

Contains DNA, which is the store of genetic information.

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21

What is the function of plasmids?

small rings of DNA

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22

What is the function of chromosomes?

carry genetic information

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23

What is the function of membrane bound organelles?

acts as a diffusion barrier, but also provides each organelle with its unique morphology that contributes to its function

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24

What is the function of the nucleolus?

produce ribosomes

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25

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

It transports proteins that are synthesized in the ribosome

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26

What is the function of the ribosome?

Tranaslate genetic information in the form of mRNA into proteins

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27

What is the function of the the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids such a phospolipids

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28

What is the function of the Golgi body?

Modifies proteins which are received from the endoplasmic reticulum. They are then transported to the vesicles around the cell

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29

What is the function of lysosome?

Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes. They can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell.

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30

What is the function of the mitochondria?

produce ATP and responsible for aerobic respiration

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31

What is the function of vesicles?

to transport molecules in, out, and around a cell

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32

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis

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33

What is the purpose of a vacuole?

to store water, food, or waste products

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34

What is the function of the tonoplast?

It controls what enters and leaves the vacuole

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35

What is the function of the Amyloplasts?

store starch

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36

What is the function of the plasmodesmata?

The plasmodesmata is a channel through the cell wall that allows molecules and substances to move back and forth as needed.

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37

What is the function of pits?

Thin regions of the cell wall that transport water and nutrience in plant cells

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38
<p>What is number 5 on the image?</p>

What is number 5 on the image?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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39
<p>What is number 6 on the image?</p>

What is number 6 on the image?

mitochondria

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40
<p>What is number 7 on the image?</p>

What is number 7 on the image?

Golgi apparatus

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41
<p>What is number 1 on the image?</p>

What is number 1 on the image?

Pinocytonic vesicle

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42
<p>What is number 3 on the image?</p>

What is number 3 on the image?

Golgi vesicle

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43
<p>What is number 4 on the image?</p>

What is number 4 on the image?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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44
<p>What is number 8 on the image?</p>

What is number 8 on the image?

Nucleolus

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45
<p>What is number 9 on the image?</p>

What is number 9 on the image?

nucleus

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46
<p>What is number 10 on the image?</p>

What is number 10 on the image?

Centrioles

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47
<p>What is number 11 on the image?</p>

What is number 11 on the image?

microtubles

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48
<p>What is number 12 on the image?</p>

What is number 12 on the image?

Cytoplasm

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49
<p>What is number 13 on the image?</p>

What is number 13 on the image?

ribosome

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50
<p><span style="font-family: hurme_no2-webfont, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif">What is number 2 on the image?</span></p>

What is number 2 on the image?

Lysosome

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51

What is the structure A used for?

  • to store genetic material

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52

What are the organelles labelled X and Y?

X is the cell wall and Y in the mitochondrion

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53

What are the structures X and Y likely to be?

X is mitochondrion and Y in the nucleus

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54

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacterial cell walls?

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a thin peptidoglycan cell wall, which itself is surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide. Gram-positive bacteria lack an outer membrane but are surrounded by layers of peptidoglycan many times thicker than is found in the Gram-negatives.

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55

Why do they react differently to antibiotics?

Gram-negative bacteria tend to be more resistant to antimicrobial agents than Gram-positive bacteria, because of the presence of the additional protection afforded by the outer membrane.

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56

What is the equation for magnification?

Magnification= Image size / actual size

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57
<p>What is<strong> A </strong>on the image?</p>

What is A on the image?

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58
<p>What is <strong>B</strong> on the image?</p>

What is B on the image?

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59
<p>What is <strong>C</strong> on the image?</p>

What is C on the image?

flagellum

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60
<p>What is <strong>D</strong> on the image?</p>

What is D on the image?

capsule

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61
<p>What is <strong>E</strong> on the image?</p>

What is E on the image?

nucleoid

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62
<p>What is <strong>F</strong> on the image?</p>

What is F on the image?

cell wall

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63
<p>What is <strong>G</strong> on the image?</p>

What is G on the image?

plasmid

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