Chapter 7 - The Internet, Web, Intranets, and Extranets

World Wide Web

A primary source of news and information, an indispensable conduit for commerce, and a popular hub for social interaction, entertainment, and communication.

Internet

The world's largest computer network.

Internet Censorship

Some countries try to control Internet content and services

ARPANET

Ancestor of the internet and was originally a project started by the U.S Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969.

Internet Protocol (IP)

Enables computers to route communications traffic from one network to another.

Internet2 (I2)

A faster alternative internet.

Backbone

One of the internet's high-speed, long-distance communications links.

Transmissions Control Protocol (TCP)

The widely used transport layer protocol that most internet use with IP.

IP Address

A 64-bit number that identifies a computer on the internet.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A Web address that specifies the exact location of a Web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and a location on the host.

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Responsible for managing IP addresses and internet domain names.

Connecting via a LAN server

Connection method of businesses and organizations that manage a local area network (LAN).

Connecting via Internet service providers

Internet service provider (ISP) is any organization that provides Internet access to people.

Cloud Computing

A computing environment in which software and storage are provided as an internet service and accessed with a Web browser.

Public cloud

Service providers offer their cloud-based services to the general public.

Private cloud

Cloud technology is used within the confines of a private network.

Hybrid cloud

Combination of public and private cloud services.

Community cloud

Several businesses share cloud computing.

Internet

Infrastructure on which the Web exists. It is made up of computers, network hardware such as routers and fiber-optic cables, software, and the TCP/IP protocols.

Hyperlink

Highlighted text or graphics in a web document that, when clicked, opens a new Web page.

Web browser

Web client software used to view Web pages.

Web site

A collection of pages on one particular topic, accessed under one Web domain.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

The standard page description language for web pages.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

A markup language that defines the visual appearance of content in a Web page.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

A markup language designed to transport and store data on the Web.

Java

An object-oriented programming language designed specifically for programs (particularly multimedia) to be used over the Internet. It allows programmers to create small programs or applications to enhance websites.

Web Service

Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites.

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

Defines XML format for messages.

Web Services Description Language (WSDL)

Describes the interfaces of a Web service app.

Universal Discovery Description and Integration (UDDI)

Used to register Web service applications.

Responsive Web Design

a means of providing custom layouts to devices based on the size of the browser window

Web application framework

A collection of files and folders of standardized code which can be used to support the development of Web sites.

Web 2.0

The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information among users.

Social Networking Websites

Enable users to share information about themselves and to find, meet, and converse with others.

Rich Internet Applications

Applications that run in a web browser and do not require local installation.

Web portals

A web page that combines useful information and links and acts as an entry point to the web.

Vertical portals

Pages that provide information and links for special-interest groups.

Corporate portals

Provides access to work-related resources.

Web log (blog)

A Web site that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and opinions on a wide range of topics.

Video log (vlog)

blogging with video content

Podcast

An audio broadcast you can listen to over the Internet.

Content streaming

a method of transferring large media files over the Internet

E-tail Stores

Online versions of retail stores. Provide access to many products that may be unavailable in local stores.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Provide geographic information layered over a map.

Telnet

a network protocol that enables users to log on to networks remotely over the internet

Secure Shell (SSH)

Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure connection.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Support file transfer between a host and a remote computer.

Intranet

An internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and technologies.

Extranet

a network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company's intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

secure connection between two points on the internet

Tunneling

the process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet