Energy in Cells and Photosynthesis

Energy

The ability to do work

ATP

a molecule made of 3 smaller molecules bonded together, used to store energy in cells

ADP

the result of losing a phosphate group, can be recharged; used for energy in a cell

Photosynthesis

The process in which light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

Evolution of Photosynthesis

The development of photosynthesis in prokaryotic organisms, which later became the basis for eukaryotic photosynthesis

Leaves

The major photosynthetic organs of plants, with a large surface area to absorb light and stomata for gas exchange

Chlorophyll

A pigment in plants that absorbs light for photosynthesis, with two types (A and B) that absorb different wavelengths

Light Intensity

The level of light energy, which affects the rate of photosynthesis - higher intensity leads to a higher rate

CO2 Concentration

The amount of carbon dioxide, which affects the rate of photosynthesis - higher concentration leads to a higher rate

Temperature

The level of heat, which affects the rate of photosynthesis - optimal temperature increases photosynthesis, while extreme heat denatures enzymes and decreases photosynthesis

Light Dependent Reaction

The part of photosynthesis that converts sunlight into chemical energy

Light Independent Reaction

The part of photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle) that uses carbon dioxide to produce glucose

releases energy

when ATP breaks apart, releasing a phosphate group

recharged

when ADP gains an extra phosphate

energy is stored in _?_

in the bonds of chemical compounds

parts of ATP

adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups

parts of ADP

adenine, ribose, 2 phosphate groups

ATP stands for

adenosine triphosphate

ADP stands for

adenosine diphosphate

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Word equation for photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + water --light--> glucose + oxygen

Where does CO2 come from?

atmosphere

where does the water come from?

ground via the roots

where does the oxygen go?

into the atmosphere

Reactions for photosynthesis

water, CO2 (and light for energy - not matter)

products for photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

organisms that carry on photosynthesis

plants, algae, and some bacteria

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

Heterotroph

organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer

Xylem

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

Phloem

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

light-dependent reactions

reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to make glucose

Location of Light Dependent Reaction

Thylakoid Membrane (inside chloroplast)

Location of Photosynthesis

Chloroplast

Location of Light independent Reaction

stroma

light-dependent reactions reactants

Light, water, NADP+, ADP and phosphate

Light Independent Reactions reactants

ATP, NADPH, CO2

light-independent reaction is also called -?-

Calvin Cycle

Chlroplast

Lamella (in Chloroplasts)