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Which of the following would more likely indicate an active crack?
a) the corners of the crack are chamfered
b) Recent cracking of patching material
c) the crack is horizontal
d) the corners of the crack are rounded
e) the inside of the crack has paint in it
b recent cracking of patching material
All of the following statements are TRUE of truss uplift EXCEPT
a) the best solution to truss uplift is to conceal the movement
b) truss uplift occurs in the winter
c) truss uplift is a cyclical problem
d) truss uplift is a serious structural problem and is very difficult to deal with
e) trusses in well insulated attics are more likely to suffer uplift
d) truss uplift is a serious structural problem and is very difficult to deal with
Columns may settle because
a) the footing is undersized
b) beam spans are too short
c) the footing is too thick
d) beams are oversized
e) the footing is below the basement floor
a
when it comes to resisting wind loads, wood frame walls can be thought of as
a) collar ties on their ends
b) beam spans are too short
c) the footing is too thick
d) beams are oversized
e) the footing is below the basement floor
c) the footing is too thick
Bridging, blocking, and strapping do all of these EXCEPT
a) spread loads among joists
b) allow thinner sheeting
c) prevent joist twisting
d) damp vibration
b) allow thinner sheeting
Wall-framing issues are often tough to identify because wall-framing details are usually concealed
True or False
True
A horizontal fracture in the foundation
a) reduces the foundation's ability to resist soil pressure
b) is a shrinkage crack
c) is not as serious as a vertical crack
d) cannot be caused by adfreezing
e) is usually a footing failure
a) reduces the foundation's ability to resist soil pressure
Sills forces that are primarily:
a) compression perpendicular to the grain
b) tension perpendicular to the grain
c) compression parallel to the grain
d) tension parallel to the grain
a) compression perpendicular to the grain
Solid masonry walls typically need
a) foundations and footings
b) vented rain screens
c) buttresses
d) pilasters
e) wide soffits
a) foundations and footings
When lowering a basement floor, if the soil is excavated only to the bottom of the footing (i.e. not below the footing), which problem may have been created?
a) insufficient footing width
b) lost lateral support for the footing
c) Disturbed soil below footing
d) inadequate end bearing for floor joists
e) excessive grade height
b) lost lateral support for the footing
A buttress
a) resists vertical forces primarily
b) resists lateral thrust
c) is a type of footing
d) is used with Step footings
e) is not effective in freezing climates
b) resists lateral thrust
Which walls will get taller over time
a) wood frame
b) log
c) concrete block
d) brick
e) poured concrete
d) Brick
The best way to determine whether a crack is active is
a) determine whether the cracks go through the masonry units or the mortar joints
b) if the crack is greater than quarter inch/0.6 cm, it is active
c) determine how many planes of movement there are
d) monitor the crack over time
e) if the cracks form an inverted pyramid, they are active
d) monitor the crack over time
While inspecting the exterior of the house you notice there is a gap between the soffit and exterior wall. The Gap is wider neither midpoint of the wall and closes to nothing at the corner. Which of the following conditions would you expect?
a) Rafters not adequately attached at the Ridge board
b) ceiling joists not tying opposing rafter bottoms together properly
c) purlins not continuous and inadequate splice at the joint
d) rot or insect attack at the soffit
e) Rafters resting on toes rather than heels
b) ceiling joists not tying opposing rafter bottoms together properly
It is acceptable for wood I-joists to lean against each other at the peak the way rafters can
a) True
b) False
b) False
All of these are common joist issues EXCEPT:
Sagging.
Deterioration.
Over spanning.
Joists running parallel to walls below.
Joists running parallel to walls below.
Sills plates not properly anchored are most likely to allow the house to move off its foundations
when the house if is vacant
during construction
if the live loads exceed the design load within the house
during winter months
if the house is located on the side of a hill
during construction
Differential settlement is
when one part of the house settles and the rest does not
settlement that occurs at a control joint
the cause of all horizontal foundation cracks
associated with shrinkage cracks
never a problem in organic soils
when one part of the house settles and the rest does not
The sub-flooring material most likely to fail by swelling is:
Wafer-board.
LVL.
plywood.
Plank.
Wafer-board.
Horizontal cracks in foundation walls are usually caused by all of the following EXCEPT
improper backfilling
soil pressure
frost
sinking footings
hydrostatic pressure
sinking footings
Solid masonry walls typically need all of these EXCEPT
corbelling
arches or lintels over openings
a way to hold the wythes together
mortar
lateral support
corbelling
Joists notched at their end are weaker than normal joists:
True
False
True
Common truss problems include all of the following EXCEPT
poor end bearing
missing webs
buckled webs
weak connectors
water damage
water damage
Sills may do all of the following EXCEPT
be sealed to minimize air leakage
provide a level surface for wall and floor construction
act as the structural support for framing over basement windows
anchor the superstructure to the foundation
provide a nailing surface for floor joists
act as the structural support for framing over basement windows
Sagging floors:
Indicate undersized sub flooring.
Indicate foundation failure.
Can be reinforced by sistering.
May result from truss uplift.
Can be reinforced by sistering.
Most concrete foundation cracks occur at
wall/floor intersections
changes in foundation height
wall/wall intersections
beam pockets
window corners
changes in foundation height
Purlins are
horizontal members supporting the rafters
part of the framing of a truss roof system
part of the framing of a raised foundation
part of the framing of a fireplace
none of the above
horizontal members supporting the rafters
Walls may perform all of these functions EXCEPT
provide chases for wires and pipes
resist racking
accommodate thermal insulation
act as supply ductwork for heating systems
support exterior and interior finishes
act as supply ductwork for heating systems
Brick ties are
usually aluminum
fastened to studs
visible
fastened to ribbon boards
fastened to sheathing
fastened to studs
In which situation are you most likely to see settlement cracks?
houses with stone or brick foundations
houses built on coarse gravel
houses built on re-claimed land
houses built with slab-on-grade construction
houses built in an area with a very low water table
houses built on re-claimed land
All of the following are dead loads EXCEPT the weight of the
shingles on the roof
structure above the foundation
foundation
snow
soil surrounding the foundation
snow
The top of a column should be:
bonded to a beam with adhesive
fitted with shims for future adjustment
nailed to at least two joists
at least as wide as the beam above it
supported by a diagonal bridging or blocking
at least as wide as the beam above it
One function of floor joists may be to:
Laterally support masonry walls.
Laterally support columns.
Vertically support beams.
Vertically support foundations.
Laterally support masonry walls.
The cause of truss uplift is best explained by
differential humidity levels within the attic
insufficient attic insulation
using kiln dried lumber
improperly attaching drywall to the ceiling of the top floor
mixing different types of trusses in an attic space
differential humidity levels within the attic
It is acceptable to notch a bird's mouth into the bottom plate of an I-joist:
True
False
False
Floor structures may experience what kinds of loads?
live and dead loads
horizontal loads only
vertical loads only
compression loads
live loads only
live and dead loads
Wood floor trusses:
Cannot be supported by beams.
Typically have longer spans than dimensional lumber.
Are often referred to as scissor trusses.
Should always be fire-cut.
Typically have longer spans than dimensional lumber.
Which LEAST load may Floor structures experience?
Compression loads.
Live and dead loads.
Vertical loads.
Horizontal loads.
Compression loads.
The white powder like substance commonly found on foundation walls, as shown, is known as?
Peeling paint
Eppervescence
Effervescence
Efflorescence
Efflorescence
With wood frame walls, the lintel size is independent of the number of stories above:
True
False
False
Which of the following statements is TRUE of a settlement crack?
settlement cracks do not usually have corresponding cracks elsewhere in the building
settlement cracks will occur at weak spots in the foundation wall
control joints are used to prevent settlement cracks from developing
settlement cracks typically do not extend into footings
settlement cracks typically do not go all the way up into the structure above
settlement cracks will occur at weak spots in the foundation wall
Which statement is TRUE?
insulation and ventilation cannot affect the structure of a roof
increasing the insulation makes the attic warmer
if you increase the insulation level in a roof, you should decrease the ventilation
if the attic has too much ventilation, the attic space can freeze and damage the structure
if the attic is cold, warm, moist air leaking into the attic from the house will condense more quickly
if the attic is cold, warm, moist air leaking into the attic from the house will condense more quickly
Common column materials include all of these EXCEPT
steel
masonry
wood
concrete
plywood
plywood
A cold joint is
a result of pouring the concrete when the temperature is below the freezing point
deliberate crack built into the foundation to allow for concrete shrinkage
a weakened joint in concrete blocks caused by installing the concrete block upside down
a joint between concrete blocks where insufficient mortar thickness was used - this joint will be substantially reduced in strength
a result of pouring the concrete foundation at two separate times
a result of pouring the concrete foundation at two separate times
Cracks in brick walls
should always be caulked
always indicate foundation movement
are common
always require repair
always need a structural engineer's analysis
are common
The masonry veneer is a load-bearing part of the structure:
True or False
False
A lack of fire stopping in a platform framed house is most common
on interior walls
at electrical chases
on exterior walls
at electrical chases
around chimneys and pipes
in 3 story homes
?? Not A
Joints in ceiling joists should be securely spliced
to provide a supporting surface for the purlins
to Prevent rafter sag
because if they are firmly attached, collar ties are not required
to Prevent truss uplift
to prevent rafter spread
to prevent rafter spread
Step footings are:
used for underpinning
required when lowering the basement floor below the original footing depth
often used on houses built on sloped lots
required for exterior stairs
the same as bench footings
often used on houses built on sloped lots
Which comment best describes the white powdery deposit that is seen in the image? (Image was showing efflorescence)
That water is currently or has penetrated through the product leaving chemical salt deposits.
It is an indication that moisture that has been in contact with the concrete at interior areas only.
It is an indication of humid areas.
It is fungal growth.
That water is currently or has penetrated through the product leaving chemical salt deposits.
Footing failures can MOST positively be diagnosed by
vertical cracking in foundation walls
bowing foundation walls
basement leakage
sagging floors
horizontal cracking above windows
vertical cracking in foundation walls
Rafter spread can be visually identified by
cracks in the rafters
cracking of interior wall finishes below and parallel to the ceiling joists
a gap between soffit and exterior wall
a wavy appearance to the roof
bUCkIing collar ties
a gap between soffit and exterior wall
Bearing walls and partition walls are built in substantially the same way:
True
False
True
Girts/blocking in a bearing wall are necessary if there is
no finish on either side of the wall
no masonry veneer
only plywood siding on one side of the wall and nothing on the other
only drywall on one side of the wall and nothing on the other
only waferboard sheathing on one side of the wall and nothing on the other
no finish on either side of the wall
Nails should do all of the following EXCEPT
be corrosion resistant in damp environments
have one half their depth go into the second piece of wood
be nailed as close to the edge of the wood as possible to minimize warping and twisting
be staggered to reduce the chance of splitting
be working in shear rather than tension wherever possible
be nailed as close to the edge of the wood as possible to minimize warping and twisting
Rust on steel columns is
due to metal fatigue induced by expansion and contraction
usually found at the top
only common on outdoor columns
usually found at the bottom
rarely a problem
usually found at the bottom
Where you have found evidence of footing settlement, how can you predict whether there will be further settlement?
determine the depth of the footing
determine when cracks were repaired last
count the number of planes of movement
you cannot predict settlement from a single inspection
determine the type of foundation material
you cannot predict settlement from a single inspection
The span of a rafter is defined as the
horizontal projection of the rafters from one side of the house to the other side
distance from the exterior house wall to the ridge board
distance from the center of one rafter to the center of the next; most commonly 40 centimetres (16 inches)
length of the rafter from the collar tie to the ridge board
horizontal projection from one support to another
horizontal projection from one support to another
When MUST you go into crawl spaces?
When you suspect there may be an issue within.
When headroom is greater than 760mm (30 inches).
When it is not dangerous and you will not damage anything.
Wherever you can physically fit.
When it is not dangerous and you will not damage anything.
All of the following could indicate spreading rafters EXCEPT
cracks in interior ceilings running perpendicular to the outside walls
sag in roof or ridge
top of exterior wall bowed out
gap between the soffit and the exterior wall
all of the above could indicate rafter spread
?? Not E
Note 
Flashcard (30)