Forgery

Trace Paradigm

Pastiches

fakes made ‘in the style of’ another artist, presented as the work of that artist; pastiches functions as false additions to an artist’s body of work.

Antiquity

• Copies of ancient Greek statues commonly produced by Roman sculptors

• Frequently sold bearing the name of the copyist

• Phædrus notes that some Roman artists would ascribe their work to Greek artists, though not as ‘authorship’ but rather in ‘in the style of’ that artist

Medieval era

• Artworks frequently lacked attribution

• Copied works were common, but it was the ‘content’ of the image that would be replicated, while stylistic variation was significant

The Trace paradigm

• The essence of a work of art is found in the ‘traces’ of its production

• The work is constituted by processes, contexts, and material conditions that combine to shape its ‘being’