Basic Tissues

Basis of Difference Among Tissues

• The types and functions of the cells that make up these tissues

• The characteristics of the matrix that surrounds the cells

• Relative amount of space occupied by cells versus matrix.

Epithelial Tissue

a type of body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body

Characteristics of the Epithelial Tissue

• Consists of a flat sheet of closely attached cells

• it is avascular

• it gains its nourishment from a loose layer of connective tissue it is supported by.

Types of Epithelial tissues based on Cell shape

1. Squamous Epithelial Tissue

2. Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue

3. Columnar Epithelial Tissue

Types of Epithelial Tissues based on Layers

• Simple Squamous Epithelial tissue

• Simple Cuboidal Epithelial tissue

• Simple Columnar epithelial tissue

• Stratified Squamous Epithelial tissue

• Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial tissue

• Stratified Columnar Epithelial tissue

• Pseudostratified epithelial tissue

Simple Epithelium tissue

This means the epithelium cells occurs in just one cell layer

Stratified epithelial tissue

this means that the epithelium cells occurs in multiple layers

Pseudostratified Epithelial tissue

This is made up of epithelial cells that appear to occur in multiple layers

Squamous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue that is made up of flat cells, and due to this they’re used for diffusion and absorption of nutrients

Structures where squamous tissues are present

• Lining of the mouth

• Esophagus

• Blood vessels

• Alveoli

Cuboidal Epithelial tissue

Made up of cuboidal shaped cells that absorb nutrients and produce secretions.

Columnar Epithelial Tissue

Consists of cells that are taller than they are wide, resembling columns, function in secretion and absorption.

Simple Epithelial tissue

Has one layering of cell, functions as a lining for ducts, body cavities and tubes.

Stratified Epithelial Tissue

Multiple layering of epithelial cells.

Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissue

Made up of closely packed cells that appear to be arranged in layers due to different sizes, but there's actually just one layer of cells.

Muscle Tissues

Responsible for all body movements, composed of cells that have the special ability to contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.

Types of Muscle Tissues

• Cardiac Muscle tissue

• Skeletal Muscle tissue

• Smooth Muscle tissue

Cardiac Muscle tissue

This muscle tissue is involuntary and is striated and is located in only the heart

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

These are voluntary muscle tissues that contract and relax to facilitate movement. they are striated

Tendons

Extensions of the muscle tissue that attaches them to the skeleton.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissues that are involuntary and not striated. The are found in hollow organs such as intestines and blood vessels

Nervous Tissue

The primary tissue that composes the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Organization of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

Parts of the Peripheral nervous system

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Somatic nervous systems

This is the nervous system responsible for voluntary movements

Autonomic Nervous system

the nervous system responsible for involuntary actions

Principal Functions of the nervous system

Sensory input, integration, motor output

Types of Nervous Tissues

• Neurons

• Glial cells

Neurons

nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to perform various functions

Part of a Neuron

• Dendrites: Inputs impulse into the cell

• Axons: Transmits impulse out of the cell

Glial Cells

They support and protect neurons

Which tissue is the most diverse

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

These tissues support other tissues. They also provide fuel storage

Types of Connective Tissues

1. Loose connective tissue

2. Dense connectuve

3. Cartilage connective tissue

4. Bone connective tissue

5. Blood connective tissue

6. Adipose connective tissue

Adipose connective tissue

body fat, is a connective tissue that extends throughout your body

Common characteristics of conective tissues

1. They are all develop from mesenchyme

2. They have different degrees of vascularity

3. They are made up of a non living layer called the extracellular matrix.

Macrophage

A class of connective tissue that defends the body against pathogens.

Components of the Extracellular Matrix

Fibers and Ground Substance

Ground Substance

A watery unstructured material that fills in the spaces between cells. It protects the external surroundings of cells.

Compositioni of the ground substance

It is made up of proteins called Proteoglycans. Out of these proteoglycans are strands called glycosaminoglycans.

Blast Cells

Immature connective tissue cells that secretes the ground substance and fibers that form the matrix

Suffix for mature connective tissue cells

Cyte

Chondroblast

The blast cells of cartilage tissues

Osteoblast

The blast cell of bone tisues

Tissue

A group of cells of similar structure and embryonic origin working together to perform a common function.

Types of Tissues

• Epithelial tissue

• Connective Tissue

• Muscle tissue

• Nervous Tissue.

Types of Fibers in the extracellular matrix

1. Collagen Fibers

2. Reticular Fibers

3. Elastic fibers

Collagen Fibers

The most abundant fibers that provide support, structure and connection between other tissues and organs

Reticular Fibers

Thin branching fibers that form a delicate supporting network around organs and structures such as the liver.

Elastic Fibers

These are yellow springy fibers that allow tissues to stretch and recoil

Types of Cartilage

1. Hyaline Cartilage

2. Elastic Cartilage

3. Fibrocartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

The most abundant cartilage which covers the ends of bones and joints for smooth movemet. It can be found in the nose, trachea and ribs

Elastic Cartilage

These cartilage provide support to structures that need flexibility such as the external ear (pinna) and epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

This cartilage absorbs shock and provides cushoining in areas like the joint capsules

What is the function of intercalated discs

Allows for rapid transmission of nerve impulses between cardia muscle cells

what is the function of the enteric nervous system

Regulates the functions of the gut wall

what type of connective tissue surrounds the entire muscles

Epymysium

Fibroblast

These are cells tha produce collagen fibres in connective tissues

what type of epithelium adapted to protect underlying tissues from abrasion and friction

stratified squamous epithelium