Classics 111 Final Review

Flashcards Review

Divine Intervention

A temporary halt to the battle.

Hector’s Challenge

The victor may strip his armor but must return his body respectfully. If he wins, he’ll do the same in reverse.

Who were the Heroes who volunteer to fight Hector?

Agamemnon, Diomedes, Ajax, Odysseus, etc

what was the Gift Exchange?

Hector gives Ajax his silver-studded sword. Ajax gives Hector his scarlet belt.

Combat rules

Flyting before, praise after, spectators stop combat, no combat ends in zero sum game (no clear winner or loser)

Iliad Book 23 Events

Two horses Chariot Race, Boxing with Belt, Wrestling ,Sprint, Armed combat, Shot put/Iron throw, Archery, Spear throw/javelin

Terma, Nyssa

turning post/point

What was Achilles known for?

swift footed

Sport

Participation or spectacle

Combat sport

discharge model, alternative to war

Classical age

400 BCE – 322 BCE (Aristotle/Alexander)

Hellenistic Period

322 BCE – 146 BCE

Archaic age

800 BCE – 480 BCE

minoans

2000 BCE – 800 BCE

Mycenaeans

1600 BCE/1450 BCE (earliest Greeks)

Homer’s Dark age

1150-950 slowed down, economic, trade, productivity, Myceneans writing stops

Sport in Ancient Egypt

At the jubilee, a symbolic re-enactment of this accession, the king takes renewed possession of his rule through a ritual run

sports equipment

Composite bows and arrows, throwing sticks, and weighted balls used in various athletic competitions.

Board games

Mehen (with spiral game-board like ‘coiled’ snake)

Sumerian ruler Shulgi

Ran more than 320 km in one single day and established a series of athletic competitions during his reign.

Gilgamesh Epic

wrestling match with Enkidu, stick-ball, funeral games, swimming and diving

Gilgamesh Epic celebration

Captain of victorious team is carried piggyback

Hittites (1600 – 12000)

Crete and Thera were centers of Minoan civilization, known for their palatial structures and advanced pottery.

Minoan boxing

Boxer Rhyton: Bull leaping, Boxing

Aphesis

beginning, often marking the start of a significant event

Hypsplex

Starting gate for chariot racing in ancient Greece.

Turning in the Diaulos

individual lanes with separate turning posts

Dolichos

long distance footrace in ancient Greece (24 lengths)

Distance running

5k Hemerodromos

26 miles

Athens and Plane of Marathon

Bensi

Mayan Conch Boxers (400 BCE)

Wrestling (Palē)

708 BCE at Olympia

Boxing (Pyx)

688 BCE at Olympia

Pancration

648 BCE at Olympia (Everything except biting and eye gouging)

Wrestling training

Training takes place in palaestra, part of the gymnasium complex

Winning in wrestling

3 falls (out of 5)

Acrete Miller Number 35

Heracles (wrestler)

cheironomia

stylized movements and techniques used in exercises like shadowboxing, enhancing coordination and performance.

Boxing Equipment

Himantes (leather straps) - Caestus (glove with metal bits)

Millar

Box until done (no rounds)

Pentathlon

stade Race (200m sprint), Long Jump (halma), Discus (Diskos), Javelin (Akon), Wrestling (Pale)

gymnazetai

Exercises naked

Hippic Events

Tethrippon (4 horse Chariot), Keles (horse race), Apene (mule cart), Kalpe (mares race with dismount), Synoris (2 horse chariot)

Tethrippon (4 horse Chariot)

680 BCE

When was the Keles (horse race)

648 BCE

Apene (mule cart)

500 BCE

Kalpe (mares race with dismount)

496 BCE

Synoris (2 horse chariot)

408 BCE

Heros

The best

Bikini Girls

realistic – Mosaic 4th century BCE

Black figure vase painting

end of 7th century

long jump

Holding halteres, jumping weights

Nudity in Greek Culture

“Well, Greeks used to be ashamed of doing this, but now they’re going against their words” [Greeks think of it as a leveling mechanism]

Cemetery at Tarquinia

contains 200 tombs with painted interiors

186 BCE

Fulvius Nobilior held games in Rome with Greek Contests and Hunt for Lions and Leopards

Romans Trying Greek Games

Nero, Neroneia (60 CE) established quadrennial Greek Athletic festival in Rome

Gladiators

mostly enslaved men, captured in Rome’s expansionist wars, offered a path to freedom and fame

Samnite

Decorated helmet with plumes, protective covering, long shield (scutum), short sword (gladius)

Retiarius

Net man, trident, net, no shield, arm guard, no other armor, subtype: tunicatus  

Circus Maximas (chariot race):

Quadriga – tethrippon (Rome rename) 600 m + in length 7 laps standard

Knuckle Bones” Astragaloi (Greek); Tali/Alea (Roman)

Played in several different ways (different with AGE and GENDER)

Domitian

Who is responsible for women in the Arena

Baron Pierre de Coubertin Principles

Olympism

Modern Olympics

Amateurism

Name of the Olympia River

Alpheios

Name the eight events that happened in the Illiad Book 23 during the funeral games

chariot race, boxing, wrestling, foot race, spear throwing, archery, discus throw, and armed combat.

What was Hectors aim in participating in the dual with Ajax

Fame and Glory in battle; to prove his bravery and skill.

Secutor

“follower” rounded crest  

Missio

being released and not being killed