implications - grice

pragmatics

examines the use of linguistic expressions: the conext dependent, non-literal meaning of an expression used in a concrete situation, the conditions for its emergence and its comm effect

distinciton pragmatics semantics

context dependency, syntactic structure, before or after truth conditional information, what is said vs what is only implied

4 categories of maxims

quantity, quality, relation, manner

4 ways not to fulfill maxims

violate, opt out, clash, flout

what is said

literal conventional meaning of uttered words

what is implicated

a prop that is comm with intention but doesn tbelong to what the sentence expresses

what is meant

both what is said and implicated

converational implicature

a proposition that is meant/comm with an utterance by means of what is said, general facrs about the utterance context and conversational maxims

how do conversational impl come about

they can come about bcs of exploitation or observation of maxims

particularized conversational implicature

impl that follow based on the specific situation and context of the utterance

generalised conversational implicature

impl that follow from the expression of a sentence (without need for context, absence of special circumstances)p

properties of conversational implicatures

cancelability -explicitly or contextually

calculability -cp and flouting of maxims

non-detachablility

conventional implicature

determined bij the literal - verbal, conventional meaning of the used words

properties of conventional implicatures

non-cancelability - without contradiction

non-calculable - not determined, by inference

detachable

grice’s model of meaning

meaning = (natural meaning + (non nat meaning = (what is said + (what is implicated = (conventionality + (conversationally = (generalized + particularized)))))))