Option B.2 - Motivation

Motivation

Internal mechanisms and external stimuli which arouse and direct our behavior

Types of Motivation

Intrinsic- comes from within, pride and satisfaction of having a good game, also a need. Extrinsic- outside sources, intangible and tangible

Issues with intrinsic motivation

player may lose interest

Issues with extrinsic motivation

Extrinsic rewards influence intrinsic motivation, controlling behavior, provide information about their level of performance, want to win. Intrinsic motivation is seen as better. More likely to avoid difficult competitions

Atkinson's model of Achievement Motivation

Relates strongly to personality. Extent to which we welcome challenge and competition. NACH- welcome challenge and competition, NAF avoid competitive situations. Motivation can be instinctive or nurtured.

Autonomous Stage

5 years old, not concerned if anyone else can do the skill better

Social Comparison Stage

from 6 years old, when a child starts to compare to others, may be uncomfortable with the competition

Integrated Stage

Sees both external and internal standards to evaluate performance

Goal Orientation Theory

Refers to how people evaluate/ judge their competence and define successful achievements. People participate to achieve goals and do well. They have different meanings of success or failure

Task orientation

Measure their success against themselves, how well they complete a task (internal motivation)

Ego oriented

Measure their success based on beating others and being the best (extrinsic motivation)

Attribution Theory

Attempts to categorize the reasons we give for winning or losing. Attribution can be defined as the perceived causes of events and behavior. Important in sport because it affects future effort and performance

Locus of Causality

Reasons for success are the personal control of the performer. Internal reasons are within the performers control while external reasons are out of the performers control and have little affect on future performance

Locus of Stability

Based on past experiences and are unlikely to change in the near future, relatively permanent. Unstable reasons are changeable in the short

Locus of Control

Extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them

Self-Serving Bias

Reasons for successful performances are internal and attributed to oneself. Reasons for failure are deflected and assigned to something out of ones control.

Learned Helplessness

Failure is attributed to internal factors which cannot be changed, believe failure is inevitable, success is due to luck and not repeatable, LH players may give up and shame can lead to LH