CCJS100 Unit 3 Court Cases

In re Winship (1970)

ruled standard of proof should be beyond a reasonable doubt in juvenile cases

Hudson v. Palmer (1984)

Looked at 4th amendment rights; they do have limited rights; prison officials do have the right to go through prisoners' belongings

Wolf v. McDonnel (1974)

Looked at due process rights while they're in the facility; due process is required when punishing inmates

Lee v. Washington (1968)

outcome was racial discrimination cannot be an official policy in prisons

Johnson v. California (2005)

ruled that segregation can be justified in rare situations like temporary solutions between races

Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973)

Ruled that probationers have the right to due process during their revocation (probation revoked) proceedings

Morrissey vs. Brewer (1972)

Two-step revocation process:
1st step - finding probable cause; 2nd step - a decision is made to determine if revoking parole is the best option

Kent v. US (1966)

granted the right to counsel if they were being waived to the adult system

In re Gault (1967)

granted right to counsel in juvenile system

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)

Juveniles are not entitled to a jury trial; family law judges oversee the cases

Breed v. Jones (1975)

double jeopardy; cannot be tried for the same thing twice in the same jurisdiction; granted protection

Schall v. Martin (1984)

ruled that juveniles may be held in preventative detention

Roper v. Simmons (2005 - start of the time period)

ruled that it is unconstitutional to execute an individual who committed a crime under 18 years old

Graham v. Florida (2010)

looked at life without parole for a juvenile who did not commit homicide. It was ruled unconstitutional

Miller v. Alabama (2012)

ruled that juveniles cannot receive mandatory sentencing for life w/out parole but still can, just not automatically mandatory sentencing

Cooper vs. Pate (1964)

Ended hands-off policy; Inmates could sue and report civil rights violations, brutality, and malnutrition