DC Speech Chapter 10 Language

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9 Terms

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Language

Any formal system of gestures, signs, symbols, or sounds used or conceived as communication

  • Mostly spoken

  • Written

  • Enacted

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Controversies in the Study of Language

  1. Words don’t have meaning

    1. (Denotation vs. Connotation)

  2. Language is both used and a part of us

    1. Difficult to separate language from thinking

  3. Language ←→ Power

    1. Ex. Euphemisms

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Ethical Use of Language

  • Encourages respect

  • Freedom of thought

  • Informed decision making

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Standards of Public Speaking

  • Clarity

  • Effectiveness

  • Credibility

  • Appropriateness

  • Rhetorical Techniques

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Clarity

  • Abstract: Broad interpretation

  • Concrete: May not know reference

    • Familiarity: Right words

    • Literal/Figurative: Avoid cliches

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Effectiveness

Audience: Language = Inclusion

  • Avoid jargon and profanity

  • Slang depends

  • Use Simple words

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Rhetorical Techniques

  1. Assonance: Repetition of similar vowels

  2. Anaphora: Repetition of beginning word(s)

  • Etc.

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Appropriateness

Depends on Context + Audience

  • Ethnic/Gender: When relevant, avoid stereotyping

  • Disability: Generally irrelevant

  • Correct terms

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Ways to Develop Language Capabilties

  • Stipulated Definition: Specific— beginning of speecg

  • Personal Pronouns

  • Build Vocab: but Don’t Inflict on others