SS - Unit 6 Industrialism

Industrial Revolution

Human & animal power was replaced by machines. It started in the 1750s.

Domestic System

People produce goods for sale in homes, goods were slowly produced and expensive because of labor.

Factory System

Goods are mass produced by machines lowering costs. Investment and money are needed to build factories and purchase machines.

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

It had coal, iron ore, good harbors on rivers, skilled labor, and people were willing to invest

Agricultural Revolution

Jethro Tull created a seed drill, crop rotation improved, best animals were bred, better farming led to more people living in cities since they were not needed on farms.

Textiles

First industry transformed by the Industrial Revolution, John Kay and James Hargreaves played key roles in this industry.

Water Power

Early factories were powered by water wheels, an american named Eli Whitney created the cotton gin to remove seeds from the cotton fiber. Cotton production greatly grew.

Steam Engine

James Watt created the steam engine, Robert Fulton created the Steamboat that could travel up river.

Railways

Railways carried many materials at very fast speeds for the time. Mining coal and building and working on railroads were jobs that were created.

Urbanization

People live in cities, they move from countryside to cities looking to work in factories.

Urban life

no building codes, development plans, sanitary codes, or effective garbage collection. Very unhealthy conditions made people miserable.

Working Conditions

14 hours for 6 days a week in factories. Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries. Dangerous conditions, low pay.

Laissez-faire Economics

Adam Smith argued the economy based on these 3 rules, law of self-interest, competition, and supply and demand.

Marxism

Marx argued that humanity is always divided into class of “haves” and “have-nots”, oppressed and oppressors. He believed that the oppressed workers would revolt and overthrow the oppressors in a revolution and create a classless society, no private property (basically communism).

Imperialism

Policy in which the strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially.

Berlin Conference

In 1884, 14 European countries met at the Berlin Conference to agree how Africa would be divided between them. They didn’t care about the African people already living in the area.

Suez Canal

In 1869, Egypt opened the Suez Canal connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. By the 1880’s, England had taken of this “lifeline of the empire”.

England and India

India helped supply Britain with a lot of things including Indian tea, cotton, coffee, and indigo. These were important to industrial England. England demanded cash crops, which resulted in famine. India wasn’t allowed to develop its own industry. India led a failed revolution against England in 1857.

China

Looked down on foreign cultures, didn’t trade with the west. In the 1830’s, England began importing Opium into China creating a devastating drug addiction. Signed the Treaty of Nanjing giving Hong Kong to England.

Sphere of Influence

When a foreign nation has control over trade and economic activities of another nation, not a colony. China was economically controlled by other nations.

Boxer Rebellion

In 1900, Chinese “Boxers” attempted to drive the foreign traders and culture out of China, but failed.

Japan at the end of the Shogun Era

1853, Commodore Perry of the USA forced Japan to sign the treaty of Kanagawa opening Japan to trade with the US making many angry and in 1867, Tokugawa Shogun stepped down.

Japan in the Meiji Era

Emperor Mutsuhito began his "Meiji Era” of enlightened rule, felt the best way to counter Western influence was to study and adapt it to Japan’s needs, industry, public education, modern army, and navy were improved.

Monroe Doctrine

1823, President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine that stated that the Americas should be off-limits to European colonization.

Spanish American War

1898, U.S. defeated Spain, the war was fought in Cuba and the Philippines. Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines were given to the U.S. Occupation of the Philippines was seen as American Imperialism. Mark Twain said a very famous quote about this meaning that the American’s shouldn’t colonize other places because they hated being colonized and no what it felt like.

Roosevelt Corollary

President Teddy Roosevelt issued an extension to the Monroe Doctrine claiming that the U.S was “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere. The US occupied Latin American nations repeatedly for the next 50 years.

Panama Canal

After the U.S helped Panama gain independence, work began on a canal. By 1914, the canal was open connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and shortening the trip by 9000 miles.