A&P I Lab: Language of anatomy & Organ systems overview

superior (cranial)

closer to the head; towards the top; above

inferior (caudal)

away from the head; towards the bottom; below

anterior (ventral)

toward the front of the body; in front of

posterior (dorsal)

toward the back of the body; behind

medial

toward the midline of the body; on the inner side of

lateral

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

superficial

toward the surface of the body (skin, hair)

deep

away from the surface of the body (under the skin)

proximal

closer to the trunk (core) or part of attachment (shoulder/ hip) ONLY FOR ARMS AND LEGS

distal

away from the trunk (core) or part of attachment (fingers/ toes) ONLY FOR LEGS AND ARMS

body erect, feet slight apart, palms facing forward (ONLY FOR HUMANS)

What is the standard anatomical body position?

it is a universal language that those in the medical field can use so that everyone is referring to the same thing

Why is the standard anatomical position important?

regional terms

there are special anatomical terms for every region of your body; these are different from the everyday terms. All mean "pertaining to" a specific body region

cephalic region

entire head

mental region

chin

cervical region

neck

thoracic region

chest

abdominal

the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

antecubital

the anterior surface of the elbow

antebrachial

forearm

axillary

the armpit

brachial

the arm

buccal

the cheek

carpal

the wrist

coxal

the hip

crural

front of leg

digital (phalanges)

the fingers or toes

femoral

the thigh

fibular or peroneal

the side of the leg

mammary

the breast

manus

the hand

palmar

palm

pollex

thumb

digital

fingers, toes (excluding big toe and thumb)

nasal region

the nose

oral

the mouth

orbital region

the bony eye socket (orbit)

patellar

the anterior knee (kneecap) region

pelvic

the pelvis region

sternal region

the region of the breastbone

inguinal (groin)

below the pelvic region

pubic region

the genital region (below the blue highlight)

acromial

shoulder

metacarpal

back of hand (posterior position)

tarsal (ankle)

ankle

metatarsal

top of foot

hallux

big toe

umbilical

the navel

olecranal

back of elbow

gluteal

the buttocks or rump

perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia

lumbar region

the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

occipital region

the posterior aspect of the head or base of the skull

otic

ear

popliteal

the back of the knee

sacral region

the area between the hips

scapular

the scapula or shoulder blade area

sural

the calf or posterior surface of the leg

calcaneal

heel of foot

plantar

bottom (sole) of foot

vertebral region

the area of the spinal column

plane

imaginary flat surface or line along which body or structure is cut (sectioned) for anatomical study

sagittal plane

Divides body vertically into right and left parts

Produces a longitudinal section

midsagittal (median) plane

lies on midline

parasagittal plane

not on midline

frontal (coronal) plane

divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts.

produces a longitudinal section

transverse plane

divides body horizontally into superior and inferior parts.

produces a cross section

1. dorsal

2. ventral

what are the 2 major body cavities?

cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

what are the the subdivisions in the dorsal cavity?

nervous system

dorsal cavity protects...

brain

cranial cavity encases ?

spinal cord

vertebral cavity encases?

internal organs (viscera)

ventral cavity houses?

thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity

what are the subdivisions of ventral cavity?

1. two pleural cavities

2. mediastinum

3. pericardial cavity

thoracic cavity subdivisions?

the lungs, one cavity for each lung

pleural cavities houses?

pericardial cavity, surrounds thoracic organs

mediastinum contains?

the heart

pericardial cavity encloses?

abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions?

stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

abdominal cavity contains?

urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

pelvic cavity contains?

serous membrane (serosa)

thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluid

internal body walls

parietal serosa lines?

the internal organs

visceral serosa covers?

ventral body cavities

abdominopelvic regions

A. right hypochondriac region

B. Epigastric region

C. left hypochondriac region

D. right lumbar region

E. umbilical region

F. left lumbar region

G. right iliac (inguinal) region

H. hypogastric (pubic) region

I. left iliac (inguinal) region

abdominopelvic quadrants

Divisions used primarily by medical personnel

oral and digestive cavities

cavity that contains tongue and teeth. it is continuous with the rest of the digestive tube, which opens to the exterior at the anus

nasal cavity

located within and posterior to the nose, it is part of the passages of the respiratory system

orbital cavities

the cavity in the skull that houses the eyes and present them in anterior position

middle ear cavities

the cavity that lies just medial to an eardrum and is carved into the bony skull; transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears

synovial cavities

joint cavities that are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints

1. Integumentary System

2. Skeletal System

3. Muscular System

4. Nervous System

5. Endocrine System

6. Cardiovascular System

7. Lymphatic System

8. Respiratory System

9. Digestive System

10. Urinary System

11. Reproductive System

name all 11 organs systems

hair, skin, nails

what are the organs in the Integumentary System?

-external body covering

-protects deeper tissues from injury

-synthesize vitamin D

what is the function of the integumentary system?

joints, and bones

what are the organs in the skeletal system?

-protects & supports body organ

-provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement

-blood cells are formed within bones

what is the function of the skeletal system

skeletal muscles

what are the organs in the muscular system?

-manipulation of enviroment

-locomotion

-facial expression

-maintain posture

-produces heat

what is the function of the muscular system?