Formulas & Values & EKG to Know

EF formula

SV/EDV x 100

EF WNL

>55%

SV formula

EDV-ESV

SV Doppler formula

VTI x CSA

SV WNL

70-110mL

CO formula

SV x HR

CO WNL

4-8L/min

CSA formula

pi x (D/2)^2

CSA unit

cm^2

MV RF formula

(MitralSV-AoSV) / MitralSV x 100

AV RF formula

(AoSV-MitralSV) / AoSV x 100

RF grading (values for mild, mod, & sev)

mild: 20-30%

mod: 30-50%

sev: >50%

Shunt ratios for ASD formula

Qp/Qs

Lt to Rt shunt value WNL

>1

Rt to Lt shunt value WNL

AVA formula

VTIlvot x CSAlvot / VTIao-lvot

LVOT diameter WNL

1.8-2.2cm

AVA WNL, mild, mod, & severe values

WNL: 2.5-3.5 cm^2

mild:2.5-1.5 cm^2

mod: 1.5-1.0 cm^2

sev:

MVA formula

220/PHT

MVA WNL, mild, mod, & severe values

WNL: 4.0-5.0 cm^2

mild:2.5-1.5 cm^2

mod: 1.5-1.0 cm^2

sev:

LVEDP formula

diastolic bp - ED gradient

RAP values & meaning

3mmHg: not dilated & collapses (WNL)

8mmHg: WNL for only one, not both (size & collapse)

15mmHg: dilated & does not collapse

dilated IVC is what value

>2.5 cm

RVSP formula

TR gradient + RAP

RVSP WNL

with no PS, RVSP should equal what

PASP

LV dP/dt tells us what

rate of the rise of LV pressure in systole

LV dP/dt formula

32 / time (in s) of MR from 1-3ms

LV dP/dt WNL & abnormal values

WNL: >1200 mmHg/s

abnormal:

LAP formula

systolic BP-MR gradient

typical LAP and RAP

RAP: 6mmHg

LAP: 10mmHg

Poiseuille's equation

ΔPπr^4/8Lη

Bernoulli's equation (simplified)

4V^2

AO PHT values mild, mod, & severe

mild: >400ms

mod: 200-400ms

sev:

PCWP (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) is used to estimate what

LV filling pressure

PCWP WNL

6-12mmHg

severe MS: mean gradient, PHT, and MVA values

mean gradient: >10mmHg

PHT: >220ms

MVA:

severe AS: V max, mean gradient, and MVA values

V max: >= 4ms

mean gradient: >=40mmHg

AVA:

severe PS: peak gradient and V max

peak gradient: >64mmHg

V max: >4ms

AO root measurement WNL

2.0-3.7cm

LV wall thickness WNL

0.6-1.0cm

LA AP diameter WNL (we measure this in PLAX)

LAV WNL

TAPSE WNL

>= 1.7cm

Target HR formula

85% x (220-age)

LVOT is measured at what part of cardiac cycle & how

in mid systole, inner to inner

AO root is measured at what part of cardiac cycle & how

at end diastole (valve closed), outer to inner

TAPSE is measured how

M-mode through lateral TV annulus

pericardial effusion grading: small, med, large

small: posterior fluid

what does GLS measure

myocardial deformation (shortening) (% that LV shortens with contraction)

how does GLS relate to EF

-GLS does NOT measure EF, it measures LV shortening

-pt can have normal EF with abnormal GLS

(GLS is important for early detection of myocardial dysfx)

GLS WNL, mildly reduced, & abnormal values

WNL: -18 to -22%

mildly reduced: -16 to -18%

abnormal: >= -16%

(more negative value means better contraction)

if WNL, what is bigger E or A

E>A

WNL E/A ratio

1-2

WNL E value

50-90cm/s

WNL A value

20-50cm/s

WNL DT

160-240ms

WNL average E/e ratio

criteria for DD

(if >50% positive, some form of DD present- so you would want these all to be not true... these values are bad!)

*Average E/e >14

*Septal e'

in a pt w AS or MS, what method is used for AVA or MVA calculation

Gorlin formula

Gorlin formula for MVA

(CO/ejection time) / (44.3 x 0.85 x square root of mean gradient

Gorlin formula for AVA

(CO/ejection time) / (44.3 x square root of mean gradient

Normal PA diameter

normal LA area

what does LARS measure

degree of DD

Normal LARS

23-60%

RV base measurement WNL

RV mid measurement WNL

RV length measurement WNL

What does RV FAC (fractional area change) measure

global RV systolic fx

RV FAC value that indicates RV systolic dysfx

how to calculate RVSP if a VSD is present

systolic BP- 4(VSD velocity)^2

IVRT occurs from what valve event to what valve event

AV close to MV open

IVCT occurs from what valve event to what valve event

MV close to AV open

when does IVCT occur on EKG

after the R wave

ventricular diastole occurs when on EKG

end of T wave to R wave

when does ventricular systole occur on EKG

R wave to end of T

when does IVRT occur on EKG

after the T wave