Exercise 11: Articulations and Body Movements

cartilaginous

typically allows a slight degree of movement

cartilaginous

includes joints between the vertebral bodies and the pubic symphysis

fibrous

essentially immovable joints

fibrous

sutures are the most remembered examples

cartilaginous

characterized bu cartilage connecting the bony portions

synovial

all characterized by a fibrous articular capsule line with a synovial membrane surrounding a joint cavity.

synovial

all are freely movable or diarthrotic

fibrous

bone regions united by fibrous connective tissue

synovial

include the hip, knee and elbow joints

dense connective tissue made of fascia that connects one bone to another and helps stabilize joints during movement.

ligament

connective tissue; connects muscle to bone

tendon

connective tissue use to fusion the bones from rubbing each other. allows gliding motion.

articular cartilage

soft connective tissue; synovial membrane secrets fluid which serves to lubricate the joint and reduce friction between bones in joints

synovial membrane

fibrous connective tissue; prevents friction within the joints.

bursa

pivot

joint between the axis and atlas

ball and socket

hip joint

condylar

intervertebral joints

condylar

joint between forearm bones and wrist

hinge

elbow

hinge

interphalangeal joints

gliding

intercarpal joints

hinge

joints between talus and tibia/fibula

condylar

joint between skull and vertebral column

hinge

joint between jaw and skull

condylar

joints between proximal and phalanges and metacarpal bones

ball and socket

multiaxial joint

condylar and saddle

biaxial joints

hinge and pivot

uniaxial joints

1 plane

how many planes can a uniaxial joint move on?

2 planes

how many planes can a biaxial joint move on?

3 or more

how many planes can a multi axial joint move on?

movement

what characteristics do all joints have in common?

hip

which joint, the hip or the knee is more stable?

deep socket and ligaments

name two important factors that contribute to the stability of the hip joints.

strength of anterior and posterior cruciform ligaments and integrity of cartilage on the bones at the knee.

name two important factors that contribute to the stability of the knee.

ball and socket joint, glenoid labrum deepens the cavity, few reinforcing ligaments, and thin/loose articular cartilage encloses the joint

list four factors that contribute to the large range of motion at the shoulder.

downward displacement of humerous

in which direction does the shoulder usually dislocate?

joints degenerate, adhesions may form where bones join, extraneous bone tissue can grow along joint edges.

what structural joint changes are common to the elderly?

ligaments reinforcing a joint are damaged by excessive stretching or torn away from boney attachment.

what is a sprain?

bones are forced out of their normal position in the joint cavity

what is a dislocation?

torn or stressed ligaments

what types of tissue damage might you expect to find a dislocated joint?