Cell signaling

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10 Terms

1
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What are the three main steps of cell signaling?

Reception, Transduction, Response

2
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What are examples of local and long-distance signaling?

Paracrine and endocrine signaling

3
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What molecule binds to a receptor to initiate signaling?

Ligand

4
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What is the role of GPCRs?

Receive extracellular signals and activate G-proteins that relay the signal

5
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What are second messengers?

Small molecules like cAMP, IP3, Ca2+ that relay and amplify intracellular signals

6
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What are cytokines?

Signaling molecules used by immune cells for communication

7
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Difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Innate = nonspecific and fast; Adaptive = specific and has memory

8
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What cells are part of the adaptive immune system?

B cells and T cells

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What is the function of B cells?

Produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens

10
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What is the function of T cells?

Kill infected cells and activate immune responses