Energy

What is energy defined as?

The ability to do work or produce change.

What are the various forms of energy?

Kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, and nuclear energy.

What is kinetic energy?

The energy associated with the motion of an object, directly proportional to its mass and the square of its velocity.

Give an example of kinetic energy in action.

A ball being thrown or a car in motion.

What is potential energy?

Stored energy in an object due to its position or state.

What happens to potential energy when the object is in motion?

It can be converted into kinetic energy.

What is an independent variable in an experiment?

The specific variable deliberately changed by the scientist.

What is a dependent variable in an experiment?

The variable tested or measured in response to changes in the independent variable.

What are controlled variables?

Variables kept the same to maintain the fairness of the experiment.

How does energy transfer differ from energy transformation?

Energy transfer moves energy between objects without changing its form, while energy transformation changes one form of energy into another.

What role does energy transformation play in human bodies?

Chemical energy from food is transformed into kinetic and thermal energy.

What is a Sankey diagram?

A visual representation of energy transformations showing the flow of energy as arrows.

What does the thickness of arrows in a Sankey diagram represent?

The amount of energy represented, measured in Joules or percentages.

What principle is illustrated by Sankey diagrams regarding energy?

The conservation of energy, where total input energy equals total output energy.

What is thermal energy?

The energy of particles that produces heat.

What type of energy is associated with moving charged particles?

Electrical energy.

What kind of energy is produced by vibrating objects?

Sound energy.

What are examples of potential energy?

Elastic, gravitational, chemical, and nuclear energy.

What is the reliability of a scientific observation?

An observation is a factual statement regarding something measured or noticed using the senses.

What is the initial phase of the scientific method comprised of?

Question, aim, and prediction.

What is the role of an aim in an experiment?

To state the objective or goal of the experiment.