NUR 101 - Lesson Plan 7: Development, Self, Family, Diversity, Culture, Health, Wellness and Illness, Advocacy, Spiritual

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the NUR 101 Lesson Plan 7 notes.

Psychosexual Theory (Freud)

A development theory proposing personality shapes through stages—oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital—driven by early childhood experiences; includes the ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO.

ID / EGO / SUPEREGO

Freud's structural model: ID seeks immediate gratification; EGO delays satisfaction; SUPEREGO embodies conscience and parental values.

Psychosexual Stages

Oral (infancy), Anal (toddler), Phallic (preschool), Latency (school age), Genital (adolescence).

Erikson's Psychosocial Crises

Eight life-span stages where each crisis must be resolved to develop a virtue (e.g., hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, wisdom).

Trust vs Mistrust

Erikson stage 0-1; resolution is hope.

Autonomy vs Shame

Erikson stage 1-3; resolution is will.

Initiative vs Guilt

Erikson stage 3-6; resolution is purpose.

Industry vs Inferiority

Erikson stage 6-12; resolution is competence.

Identity vs Role Confusion

Erikson stage 12-19; resolution is fidelity.

Intimacy vs Isolation

Erikson stage 20-25; resolution is love.

Generativity vs Stagnation

Erikson stage 26-64; resolution is care.

Integrity vs Despair

Erikson stage 65+; resolution is wisdom.

Piaget's Cognitive Development

Theory of intellectual growth with four stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational.

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget top stage for infancy; focus on sensory/motor interaction.

Preoperational Stage

Piaget stage with symbolic thought and egocentrism (early childhood).

Concrete Operational Stage

Piaget stage with logical thinking about concrete objects (middle childhood).

Formal Operational Stage

Piaget stage featuring abstract reasoning (adolescence onward).

Kohlberg's Moral Development

Theory of moral reasoning grouped into preconventional, conventional, and postconventional levels.

Kohlberg Stage 0

Infancy: what pleases me.

Kohlberg Stage 1

Toddler: Preconventional reasoning; avoid punishment.

Kohlberg Stage 2

Preschool: Preconventional; what benefits me.

Kohlberg Stage 3

School age: Conventional; avoid disapproval.

Kohlberg Stage 4

School age: Conventional; do duty, obey laws.

Kohlberg Stage 5

Adolescence: Postconventional; maintain respect of others.

Kohlberg Stage 6

Adolescence: Postconventional; implement personal principles.

Self

A person’s essential being that distinguishes them from others.

Self-Esteem

Confidence in one’s own worth or abilities; self-respect.

Identity

The set of traits, beliefs and relationships that distinguish an individual and shape their sense of self; includes personal and social identity and evolves over time.

Body Image

Your body perception and body concept; beliefs, thoughts and feelings about appearance; influenced by society, media, relationships.

Holism

Viewing health as a balance of body, mind and spirit; consider physical, psychological, cultural, spiritual, social, and developmental needs.

Transcultural Nursing (Leininger)

Nursing care that integrates culture into planning and delivery to meet individuals’ cultural needs; avoid imposing own culture.

Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care

Care that recognizes cultural, racial, and ethnic diversity; operates in a multicultural society with non-judgmental, competent care.

Culture

The values, beliefs and practices of a particular group.

Race

Biological variations used to categorize people.

Ethnicity

Bond with birth country or ancestral origin; shared heritage and culture.

Cultural Assessment

Process of knowing patients: language, hygiene, religion, food, rituals, family roles, health beliefs, decision making, greetings.

Diversity

Range of differences including age, culture, disability, religion, race, gender, sexual orientation; includes vulnerable populations.

Advocacy

Safeguarding patients’ rights and best interests; preventing dehumanization of vulnerable populations.

Beneficence

Duty to do good for clients; combine competence with humane, holistic care.

Vulnerable Populations

Groups at higher risk: very young/old; chronic illness; veterans; racial/ethnic minorities; LGBTQ; victims of violence; incarcerated; migrants; homeless; mental health disorders; rural residents.

Sexual Orientation

Emotional, romantic and/or sexual attraction to others; diverse orientations and health disparities exist.

Heterosexual

Attraction to the opposite gender.

Homosexual

Attraction to the same gender.

Bisexual

Attraction to more than one gender.

Pansexual

Attraction not limited by gender.

Asexual

Lack of sexual attraction.

Aromantic

Lack of romantic attraction.

Demi-Sexual

Requires strong emotional attraction before sexual attraction.

Polysexual

Attraction to multiple but not all genders.

Queer

Umbrella term for non-heterosexual attractions.

Transgender

Gender identity does not correspond with birth-assigned sex.

Health (WHO Definition)

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being; not merely absence of disease; health as a right with respect for diversity.

Wellness

State of being achieved through intentional lifestyle choices and balance across life domains.

Illness

State of being sick; can be acute, chronic or terminal.

Disease

A pathological condition with signs/symptoms and possible lab changes.

Sequelae

Conconsequential ill effects resulting from disease or its treatment.

Remission

Disappearance of signs/symptoms of a disease.

Exacerbation

Worsening or reactivation of a disorder, often moving from chronic to acute.

Congenital

Present at birth due to faulty embryonic development.

Hereditary

Transmitted genetically from parents.

Idiopathic

Illness with unknown cause.

Healthy People 2030

US health initiative aiming to improve health and well-being across the lifespan; identifies barriers to care.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age that influence health.

Disparities in Health Care

Unjust, avoidable differences in health status, access and quality among groups; linked to SDOH.

Causes of Disparities

Poverty, education, housing, racism, geography, insurance status, language and cultural barriers.

Improving Healthcare Disparities

Actions like expanding access, education, cultural competence, addressing systemic racism, and empowering patients.

CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

Non-mainstream health approaches used with or instead of conventional care; respect patient preferences and use evidence-based discussion.

CAM Modalities (Examples)

Acupuncture, yoga, herbal medicine, naturopathy, chiropractic, aromatherapy, Ayurveda, etc.

Stereotypes

Unjustified generalized beliefs about members of a cultural group; overlook individual differences.

Generalizations

Broad statements about a group that may not apply to individuals.

Ethnocentrism

Belief that one’s own culture is superior; can impede culturally sensitive care.

Religion vs Spirituality

Religion: organized beliefs/practices; Spirituality: personal quest for meaning and connection beyond organized religion.