Graphs | AP Micro MV 2025-2026

Demand and Supply with Surpluses

Graph showing the relationship between quantity demanded and supplied, illustrating shortages and surpluses at different prices.

Production Possibilities Curve (Constant Opportunity Cost)

PPF curve that is a straight line, showing constant trade-offs between two goods.

Production Possibilities Curve (Increasing Opportunity Cost)

PPF curve that is bowed out, showing increasing trade-offs due to resource specialization.

Cost Curves (Fixed, Average, Total, Marginal)

Graphs depicting different costs in production: fixed costs (constant), average costs, total costs, and marginal costs.

Lorenz Curve

Graph showing income distribution and inequality in a population.

Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns

Graph illustrating that adding more of one input to fixed inputs eventually causes marginal output to decrease.

Monopoly Graph

Graph showing a single firm with price-making power, downward sloping demand, and marginal revenue below demand.

Payoff Matrix (Game Theory)

Matrix showing the payoffs for players in strategic decision-making situations like the prisoners’ dilemma.

Externality with Deadweight Loss (Negative and Positive)

Graphs showing how external costs or benefits cause market inefficiency and deadweight loss.

Government Set Prices (Price Ceilings and Floors)

Graphs showing effects of legal price limits causing shortages or surpluses.

Monopolistic Competition Graph

Graph showing many firms with differentiated products and downward sloping demand curves.

Product Market Competition (Perfect Competition Side-by-Side)

Comparison of graphs showing price-taking firms versus firms with some pricing power.

Factor Market Competition (Perfect Competition, Side-by-Side)

Comparison graphs of labor/resource markets with many buyers (perfect competition), one seller (monopoly), or one buyer (monopsony).

Monopsony Labor Market Curve

Shows a single buyer’s labor market with an upward-sloping labor supply curve, a marginal factor cost (MFC) curve above the supply curve, and hires labor where MFC equals marginal revenue product (MRP).