anode HE, filtration, beam restriction - quiz 1

spring 2025-2026

due to the geo of the angles anode, rad intensity is strong on the

cathode side

variation in x-ray intensity output along the ________ tube axis

longitudinal

anode - target surface is structure is struck by _____ ______.

electron beam

anode is made of

tungsten

anode - results in a sudden ______ of electrons and creation of x-rays.

deceleration

anode - angle

6 - 20 degrees

decreasd anode angle =… why?

increased heel effect

bc big surface area for electrons to strike and diverge out

______ is a form of inherent filtration

anode

x-ray must escape the _______

anode

those that exit in a _____ direction to the anode bevel have ____ _____ to travel than those that exit toward the heel

perpendicular — less distance

beam intensity - as much as ____ ___ photons at the ____ end of the tube

20% more — cathode

can be ___ ___ photons at the ___ end of the tube

25% less — anode

ahe happens ____

automatically

____ in all x-ray tubes

inherent

anode is usually on the ___ side

left

T1-T4 is better visualized on the ____ side of the table

anode

5 factors that affect ahe

beam restrictors (collim)

angle of the anode

sid

ir/field size

focal spot size

as use of collim goes up,, ahe goes..

down!!!

more ___ when collim is open than closed

pronounnced

chance of IR being affected by differing intensities..

go up

collim creates __ ___ for beam to come out and diverge

less opening

larger SID = ahe goes

down

larger sid allws for more ___ ___

beam divergence

as you increase sid uou must ___ collim

increase

more field size = ___ anode heel effect

more

as focal spot goes up,, ahe goes ___

up

this is because of the difference in ___ of the anode material from were photons must escape

thickness

thickness at end of focal size so it contributed more to __ ___

beam intensity

larger focal spots have more…

surface area

greater impact on psp and dr images vs ____

film

appears as unacceptable ___ toward anode end

mottle

ahe is stronger w/

steep anode angle

large focal spot

short sid

large field size

scatter radiation happens bc

compton interactrion when a primary photon interacts w/ outser shell elecrton & changes direction

scatter is not a part of the ___ ____

useful beam

filtration

hardening the beam

why filtration

alara + removal of low energy photons would have little change of going through patient

inherent

xray tube housing ocmponents like

glass envelope

oil in tube housing

anode

added:

thin slabs of pure aluminum installed beyween xray tube and collim

plays more of an active role than inherent filtration

min amount of filtration decided by ___

government

all xray machines capable of producing over than ___ kvp must have a minimum total of filtration equivalent to ____ aluminum

70 kvp — 2.5mm aluminum

modern euiment tube housing components usually = 1.5mm add 1.0mm aluminum slab for __

2.5mm total

inherent filtration tends to ___ as the tube gets oler

increase/get better

overtime __ evaprates and deposits itself on inside of glass tube

tungstem

the tungstn meltes acts as an addition filtler to ____ tub output

decrease

filtration does not change __ of beam

wavelength

filtration makes the beam more ___ and ___ ___

homogenous and less bright

filtration goes up, quantity goes ___

down

filtration goes up, quality goes ___

up

filtration goes up, dose goes ___

down

filters affect photographic aspects if beyong ___mm

3.5mm

filters have __ ___ on distprtion, magnification, or spatial resolution

no affect

filters

wedge

concave

trough

prism

compensation

(no longer need in digital)

if added filter you may need to increase exposure factors with use up to __kVp

10 kVp

pbl mean

positive beam limitationcontr

contrast goes up when scatter goes

downr

brightness goes down when scatter goes

down

when collimation goes up, photons

decreasebeam re

beam retrictors have no effect on (3)

magnification

spatial resolution

distortion