World Civilizations Final Test

What was the first grain domesticated in the Middle East?

Wheat

Where did the first civilization arise?

Mesopotamia

What was Sumerian writing called?

Cuneiform

What was the most significant accomplishment of Hammurabi?

Codification if laws of Mesopotamia

Along which river did Egyptian civilization develop?

The Nile

What was the Egyptian form of writing called?

Heiroglyphs

What was the most significant contribution of the Jewish people to Western civilization?

Strong Monotheistic Religion

What was the Silk Road?

Series of trade routes connecting East/West towns

Which river is called “China's sorrow”?

Yellow River

What was the Greek word got city-state government?

Polis

Who is credited as having written the Illiad and the Odyssey?

Homer

What was the name of the wars between Sparta and Athens?

Peloponnesian Wars

Who was responsible for the conquest of the Persian Empire?

Alexander The Great

Alexander The Great sought to combine Greek culture with Asian culture to create a new culture for his empire. What was this new culture called?

Hellebistic Culture

What were the Rome's conflicts with Carthage for control of the western Mediterranean called?

Panic Wars

Who was the Carthaginian general during the Second Punic Wars?

Hannibal

What was Virgil’s epic poem celebrating the foundation of Rome?

Aeneid

Who was the founder of Christianity?

Jesus

What was the Roman Empire’s attitude toward the extension of citizenship?

Extended Citizenship to conquered territories outside the city of Rome and Italian Peninsula

Name of the three greatest accomplishments of Justinian?

Built Hagia Sophia, Attempted to reunify Roman Empire, Simplified/Codified Roman Law

What was the dominant language in the Byzantine Empire?

Greek

Which religion was adopted by the Russians?

Orthodox Christianity

According to Muhammad, who was regarded as “People of the Book“?

Jews and Christians

According to Muhammad, who was the father of the Arab people?

Abraham

What is the Islamic legal code known as?

Shari’ah

What was introduced across Africa by the Bantu People?

Ironworking

Who was the wealthiest ruler in the history of West Africa?

Mansa Musa

How did Mansa Musa strengthen Mali’s connections with other Islamic states?

Mae Pilgrimages to Mecca

What was the combination of Bantu and Islamic East African culture known as?

Swahili

What is the name of the book that contains Muhammad’s revelations?

Quran

What was the most powerful institution of the Middle Ages?

The Church

What were landed estates, the center of life for both nobles and peasants called?

Manors

Which family dominated Renaissance Florence?

Medici Family

What was the ideology portrayed by Machiavelli in The Prince?

Ruler should do whatever works to achieve goals

Which Protestant reformer taught the concept if predestination?

John Calvin

Who discovered the scientific face that the orbits of the planets are elliptical?

Kepler

Who addressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics?

Newton

What was the result of the Hundred Years War?

King used paid armies to increase power

In what region of Europe did the renaissance begin?

Italy

What was Johannes Gutenberg responsible for inventing?

Move able type printing press

Who is generally credited with initiating the Protestant Reformation in 1517?

Martin Luther

What led the drastic decline in Europe’s population especially in the cities?

Bubonic Plague

What was the capitol of the Aztec Empire?

Tenochtitlan

What was a key feature of Aztec religious and cultural beliefs?

Human Sacrifice

What type of society/culture were the Mongols?

Nomadic

In 1271, what name change did Kublai Khan make to the mongol dynasty in China?

Yuan

What monumental sculptures did the Olmec civilization produce?

Stone Heads

What allowed societies in the America’s to develop so differently than societies in Europe and Asia?

Isolated from other Civilizations

What was a cultural difference between the Inca’s and Aztec’s?

Lack of writing system

What was Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal noted for?

Improve/Codify navigational knowledge in ordered to find route to Asia

When Columbus landed in America. what was the chief reason that he thought he had landed in “The Indies“?

Believed he had sailed far enough West to reach them

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas(1949) grant to Spain?

Authority to exploit all of North and South America except Brazil

What decimated most Native American populations after 1500?

European Disease

Which European country dominated the exploration and exploitation of the Americas in the sixth century?

Spain

Who were the earliest British colonies initially financed by?

Joint-stock companies

What were the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires?

Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal

Why was Suleyman referred to as the “Lawgiver?“

Combined traditional legal system to create a single law code

What was the slave corps in the Ottoman army called?

Janissaries

What was Akbar’s attitude toward religion?

Tolerant toward other religions

In which region did the Munghal Empire seek to politically unify?

India

Why did China stop sponsoring Zheng-He’s exploration?

China saw little value in sea exploration and became more isolated to avoid outside influence

Whose writings led to an increased interest in East Asia by Europeans?

Marco Polo

What was the situation in Japan faced by Hideyoshi in the late 1500s?

Experienced years of civil war and outside influence

What is the cite of Edo known as today?

Tokyo

Which empire was known as the “sick man of Europe“?

Ottoman

What led to the rapid demise(decline) of the Safavid Empire?

Lack of strong line of succession due to elimination of potential rivals; left empire without capable rulers

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about Absolute Monarchies?

Essential to keeping order and stability

Which Elightenment thinker strongly influenced Thomas Jefferson and Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

Which Enlightenment thinker laid the foundations for a system of checks and balances?

Baron De Montesquieu

Who advocated a “Laissez-faire” approach to the economy?

Adam Smith

According to John Locke, from whom do governments get their power?

The people

Who advocated the separation of powers?

Baron De Montesquieu

In Europe, a conflict between the British and French was known as the Seven Years War. What was this conflict called when it spilled over to the American colonies?

French and Indian war

Who ruled France at the time of the French Revolution?

Louis XVI

Which state made up the National Assembly at the outset of the French Revolution?

3rd estate

What was the Bastille?

Prison

What was the purpose of Napoleon’s Continental System?

Attempt to destroy British trade with the rest of Europe

What did Metternich propose at Vienna regarding the government of European countries?

European countries should return to their old leaders and Royal Families

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Great Britain

During the Industrial Revolution, new machines like the spinning jenny increased production and required work to be performed outside the home. Where did work utilizing these new machines take place?

The Factory

Who wrote the communist Manifesto?

Karl Marx

What was the basic doctrine of The Communist Manifesto?

History was a class struggle between Rich and Poor, so poor should unite and overthrow the rich.

After industrialization. many Western European nations began the process of empire-building. What was this process known as?

Imperialism

Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem entitled “White Man’s Burden“ that highlighted the Social Darwinistic push for Imperialism. What does the idea of the “White Man’s Burden“ reflect?

Desire to civilize those demand for inferior

Which country’s independence was a major issue in the Spanish-American War?

Cuba

Which American battleship mysteriously exploded in Havana Harbor in February 1898?

USS Maine

Who was the leader of the Filipino Nationalist and Rebel forces during the 1890s?

Emilio Aguinaldo

Which area did Imperialist and Anti-Imperialists debate annexing after the Spanish-American war?

The Philippines

What happened when America refused to withdraw its armed forces from the Philippines?

Launched a Guerrilla war against the American forces

What did the Platt Amendment do?

Cuba was forced to promise to grant Naval bases to America and avoid treaties with ant foreign power which might compromise its independence

Which nation did the Open Door Police regarding trade apply to?

China

Where did the Boxer Rebellion occur?

China

Who initially started the Panama Canal?

The French

Who did the President Roosevelt encourage the Panamanians to revolt against and why?

Columbia; so the us could take over and complete the Panama Canal