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Alliteration
Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence.
Allusion
Brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art.
Ambiguity
The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence or passage.
Analogy
A comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things. Often, uses something simple or familiar to explain something unfamiliar or complex.
Anecdote
A brief story used to illustrate a point or claim.
Aphorism
A terse statement of known authorship expressing a general truth or moral principle.
Argument
A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent movement from a claim to a conclusion.
Audience
The listener, viewer, or reader of a text.
Claim
A statement that states the argument’s main idea or position.
Colloquialism
Words or phrases that have a conversational feel and are not generally used in formal written English.
Connotation
Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition.
Context
The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.
Denotation
The strict, literal dictionary definition of a word.
Diction
A speaker’s choice of words.
Emphasis
The importance placed on a particular idea or word.
Ethos
Character appeal; establishing credibility and trustworthiness.
Euphemism
A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for unpleasant words or concepts.
Figurative Language
Nonliteral language often evoking strong imagery.
Hyperbole
Deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or comic effect.
Imagery
A description appealing to the senses.
Irony
A figure of speech where what is said is the opposite of what is meant.
Jargon
Specialized terminology used by a particular group.
Juxtaposition
Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.
Logos
Appeal to reason by offering clear, rational ideas and supporting details.
Metaphor
Figure of speech comparing two things without using like or as.
Mood
The feeling or atmosphere created by a text.
Narration
Factual and background information establishing the need to address a subject.
Oxymoron
A paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words.
Paradox
A statement that seems contradictory but delivers an ironic truth.
Parallelism
Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.
Pathos
Emotional appeal to motivate the audience.
Persona
The face or character a speaker shows to their audience.
Personification
Attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects or ideas.
Purpose
The goal the speaker wants to achieve.
Rhetoric
The art of finding ways to persuade an audience.
Rhetorical Appeals
Techniques used to persuade an audience.
Rhetorical Question
A question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for an answer.
Satire
The use of irony or sarcasm to critique society or an individual.
Simile
A figure of speech comparing something explicitly using like or as.
Style
A writer’s specific way of expressing thoughts.
Syntax
The arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Theme
A writer’s thoughts on a topic.
Tone
A speaker’s attitude toward the subject conveyed through style.
Understatement
Presenting something as less important than it is.
Vernacular
The speech patterns of a particular group of people or region.
Voice
The unique flavor of a piece based on the author's style.
