JMU PSYCH 160 exam 3 lyons

Menarche

first menstrual period (puberty for girls begins)

Spermarche

First ejaculation of sperm (puberty for boys begins)

HPA

Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal

HPG

hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads

Secular trend

Each generation has experiences puberty a few weeks earlier, than did the proceeding one

Secondary sex characteristics

nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

Drawbacks in concrete operations

-thinking is linked to concrete objects

-difficulty with abstractions

-logic develops in relation to one situation at a time

-solves problems by trial and error

Formal operational thought

ability to think logically about abstract thinking and to use scientific reasoning to solve problems

hypothetico-deductive reasoning

forming a hypothesis and deducing the consequences of that hypothesis

Adolescent egocentrism

everyone is thinking about me

Invinsibility fable

I cant be hurt

Personal fable

no one understands what I am going through

Imaginary audience

everyone is looking at me

Critique of formal operations

- we are not all as logical as piaget thought we were

- we may not reach formal operations

-there may be more beyond formal operations

-affected by schooling

working memory

where we hold information for a short time while we work with it

processing speed

the speed at which we can work with information

declarative knowledge

knowing what

procedural knowledge

knowing how

conceptual knowledge

knowing why

metacognition

thinking about our thinking

deductive reasoning

general to specific

inductive reasoning

specific to general

intuitive reasoning

fast, less effort, automatic

analytical reasoning

slow, more effort, deliberate, controlled

texting insincerely

the role of the period in test messaging

meta-emotion

emotions we feel about our emotions

Identity achievement

thinking and committing to something

identity foreclosure

making a decision without exploration

moratorium

exploring without committing

identity diffusion

no commitment and no exploration

Centrality

How important is ERI to me?

Ethnic and racial identity (ERI)

attitudes and beliefs about ethnic-racial group members and the process by which these attitudes and beliefs develop overtime

Salience

how noticeable is my eri in any context?

Private regard

how do I feel about my ERI?

public regard

how do others feel about my ERI?

Ideology

How do I think members of my ERI should act?

Features of emerging adulthood

-identity exploration

-instability

-self focus

-feeling in between

-possibilities

Dualism

There is a right and a wrong answer

Relativism

there are so many different points of view

Commitment

there are different points of view but here is what I believe and here is why

growth mindset

intelligence can be developed

fixed mindset

intelligence is static

Ruminative

going around in circles and circles (contemplative)

Facilitation

peers help you go in the right direction

simplified

stereotypes form when we think about people in a simplified way. its easier for us to put people into categories and think about the category rather than do the work of thinking about the person

just world belief

the idea that the world is fair and just, so if you are not doing well, then its your fault.

vivid cases

when we come across an extreme behavior or a behavior that really stands out for us, we tend to pay attention to it and use that extreme behavior to make judgments about a group

microaggressions

brief everyday interactions that can intentionally or unintentionally convey hostility or insult

emotional dissemblance

act one way even if you don't feel that way about it