Case study of a country in which soveriegnty has been challenged - Ukraine
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causes, challenges to government, impacts on people and places
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14 Terms
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When did Ukraine gain independence from USSR/Russia?
1991
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Why has it been difficult for Ukraine to achieve democracy, economic reform + prosperity etc?
\-Geographical position - between Russia + EU
\-Internal political divisions → Russian-speaking areas in the East, Ukrainian-speaking areas in the West
\-Inability to build a common national identity and develop strong state mechanisms → there have been demonstrations, corruption, unpopular government policies etc
\-Internal political divisions → Russian-speaking areas in the East, Ukrainian-speaking areas in the West
\-Inability to build a common national identity and develop strong state mechanisms → there have been demonstrations, corruption, unpopular government policies etc
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Why was there civil unrest in 2013?
\-President (at the time) Yanukovych failed to sign an EU trade agreement
\-800,000 protestors gathered in Independence Square in Kyiv at the end of 2013
\-Feb 2014 → clashes had turned deadly, 88 people killed on worst day
\-800,000 protestors gathered in Independence Square in Kyiv at the end of 2013
\-Feb 2014 → clashes had turned deadly, 88 people killed on worst day
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What did the conflict cause the government to do?
\-President Yanukovych disappears
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What happens in Crimea after this?
\-Pro-Russian gunmen seize key buildings
\-March 2014 - referendum in Crimea where 97% of Crimea’s population vote for independence
\-Putin backs Crimea + signs a bill to absorb it into Russia
\-March 2014 - referendum in Crimea where 97% of Crimea’s population vote for independence
\-Putin backs Crimea + signs a bill to absorb it into Russia
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Which 2 regions of Ukraine delcare independence in May 2014?
\-Donetsk and Luhansk
\-Independence declared by pro-Russian separatists (this is not recognised by Ukraine or the West)
\-Independence declared by pro-Russian separatists (this is not recognised by Ukraine or the West)
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What does Ukraine do in response?
\-Ukraine’s army launches an anti-terrorist operation
\-There is a battle at Donetsk airport → at least 40 separatists died
\-There is a battle at Donetsk airport → at least 40 separatists died
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How many soldiers did Putin send into Ukraine in February 2022?
\-Around 200,000
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How many Ukrainians have been displaced as a result of this conflict?
\-13 million Ukrainians (either as IDPs or refugees abroad)
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What was the original aim of the invasion and what was it changed to?
\-Original aim: enter Kyiv and depose government
\-Changed aim: liberate Donbas (region in the east that contains Luhansk and Donetsk)
\-Changed aim: liberate Donbas (region in the east that contains Luhansk and Donetsk)
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How many casualties have there been?
\-hard to know - neither Russia or Ukraine have given details
\-Kyiv said that before Western military aid arrived in the East in summer 2022, 100-200 troops were dying every day
\-Kyiv said that before Western military aid arrived in the East in summer 2022, 100-200 troops were dying every day
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What has happened to Ukrainian evacuees?
\-moved to various camps
\-lack of income, poor access to food + healthcare → added to vulnerability of people who live there
\-lack of income, poor access to food + healthcare → added to vulnerability of people who live there
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How many losses of life have there been (of civilians) during the war?
\-7,000 deaths
\-13,900 injuries
\-13,900 injuries
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Example of a city that has been impacted
\-Mariupol (in administrative region of Donetsk)
\-Was placed under siege by Russian forces until May 2022, when last Ukraine forces surrendered
\-90% of residential buildings destroyed
\-Was placed under siege by Russian forces until May 2022, when last Ukraine forces surrendered
\-90% of residential buildings destroyed