HEALTH CARE: Unit 1 test

unit 1 of health care. FEB 12 MADE slides 1-70 80-83 everything to know for unit 1 test

cervical has- many bones(of the neck)

7

theoretic has — many bones (of the chest)

12

lumbar has - many bones (lower back)

5

coccyx

4 or 5 fused vertebrae of the tailbone

atlas

on top of axis

axis

under atlas

how many bones in the lungs

24 (12 pairs)

Appendicular skeleton made up of

pectoral gridle

pelvic gridle

the upper limbs

the lower limbs

the pectoral gridle has….

scapula and clavicle

allows for great mobility

the upper limb has…

humeras, radius, ulna

lower limb has…

femur and patella

medial

inner

lateral

outer

5 functions of bones

1. provides support and structure

2. protect brain and organs

3. helps muscle attach to bones

4. reserves minerals and calcium

5. produce and store blood cells

five types of bones

1. long

2. short

3. flat

4. irregular

5. sesamoid

long bones are

Any bones that succeed the diameter

humerus, femur, phalanges, ulna, radius, fibula, tibia, metacarpals, metatarsals

short bones are

good shock absorbers

carpals, tarsals, 

flat bones are

scapula, clavicle, cranium, ribs, ilium, sternum

irregular bones are

all vertebrae  (coccyx, sacrum),  face (zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal)

sesamoid bones are

patella

what are bones made up of

marrow

red marrow

in all bones, produce most red blood cells

yellow marrow

found in cavities along bones, made of mostly fat

outer membrane of bone

periosteum

inner membrane of bone (thinner)

endosteum

what part of body is the axial

head and trunk

what part of body is the appendicular

arms and legs

Periosteum

fibrous layer, dense, has blood vessels, nerves, connects tendons

Endosteum

inner surface of compact bone, Covers trabeculae, Osteoblasts & osteoclasts

what is the anterior skeleton

the front

what is the posterior skeleton

the back

how many bones does the human skull have?

22- 8 cranial and 14 facial

what are the 8 cranial bones?

frontal (1), sphenoid (1), ethmoid (1), parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital (1)

what is the frontal bone

forhead area

what is the highlighted area called?

frontal bone (1)

what is the sphenoid?

sideburns area

what bone is this?

sphenoid (1)

what is the ethmoid / lacrimal bone?

inner eye socket area

what bone is this?

ethmoid/ lacrimal

what is the parietal bone?

back of head

what bone is this?

parietal bone-there is 2

what is the temporal bone?

temples area

what bone is this?

temporal there is 2

what is the occipital bone?

lower back of head

what bone is this?

occipital bone

parts of the vertebral column

cervical (7) theoretic (12) lumbar (5)

what is the appendicular skeleton made of?

1. The pectoral girdle (chest)

2. Pelvic girdle (hip)

3. The upper limbs  

4. The lower limbs 

what is the Pectoral Girdle

scapula and clavicle, allows upper limb mobility

functions of bones

Provide support and structure

Protect brain and organs

provides sites for the attachment of muscles

Provide a reservoir for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium minerals.

Produce and store blood cells

what is the Diaphysis

the shaft of long bones

what is the Epiphysis

the end of long bones

4 types of fractures

comminuted

compound

simple

greenstick

what is a greenstick fracture?

hairline, bone only breaks on one side

what is a compound fracture?

broken part of bone breaks through skin

what is a simple fracture?

severe break underneath skin

what is a comminuted fracture?

bone is crushed into several pieces

what is a dislocation?

when bones of a joint are pulled out of alignment

what is a sprain?

ligaments stretched or torn

what is a ruptured vertebrae disk?

the disc bulging out and pushing on nerves or the spinal cord.

what is Osteoporosis?

Spaces between the bone tissue becomes enlarged, weakening the bone.  This is due to a lack of calcium, aging

what is Osteoarthritis?

condition involving loss of cartilage at joints.

what does RICE stand for ?

rest

ice

compression

elevate

what does SHARP stand for and what is it used for?

To identify a bone injury.

Swelling

Heat

Altered

Red

Painful

what is a joint?

2 bones come together

what are the 5 types of joints?

ball and socket

hinge

gliding

pivot

immovable

whats a ligament?

tough, cord-like tissues that connect bone to bone. 

what does superior mean?

above

what does inferior mean?

below

what does anterior mean?

infront

what does posterior mean?

behind

what does Proximal mean?

close to a specified region

what does distal mean?

further from a specified region

what position is this?

supine (laying on back)

what position is this?

prone (laying on chest)

what is the difference between deep and superficial?

deep is further from the outside of your body

superficial a on skin cut

what are the 3 types of muscles?

skeletal

cardiac

smooth

what type of muscle tissue is this?

skeletal muscle tissue

what type of muscle tissue is this?

cardiac muscle tissue

what type of muscle tissue is this?

smooth muscle tissue

what is the largest muscle of the body?

gluteus maximus

what is the smallest muscle of the body?

stapedius in the ear

what are some ways you can name muscles?

shape

size

location

actions

why do we need muscles?

locomotion

posture

heat protection

what muscle is this? what part of the body?

Sternocleidomastoids, neck muscle, anterior

what muscle is this? what part of the body?which side?

Trapezius, neck muscle, lateral posterior

what is the Erector spinae muscles

posterior spine muscles

what is apart of the pectoral girdle ANTERIOR?

Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor

what is apart of the pectoral gridle POSTERIOR?

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi,

What is this and name 1 2 3

Pectorial gridle anterior. 1. pectoralis minor. 2. pectoralis major. 3. Serratus

what is this? name the numbers

pectorial gridle posterior. 1. Trapezius upper 2. Trapezius middle. 3. trapezius lower 4. Latissimus Dorsi

where is the Biceps Brachii

upper bicep anterior side

where is the Triceps Brachii

Proximally to humerus (medial and lateral head)

what is this an posterior view of

extensions of the forearm

what is this a anterior view of

forearm of the flexors

what muscle is this apart of and what is the muscle

Pelvic Girdle, lliopsoas

what is the gluteus maximus

glutes/ butt/ extender of the hip

what is the Sartorius?

longest muscle, wraps around your whole leg starts in thigh ends in calf

whats in your quadriceps

• rectus femoris

• vastus lateralis

• vastus intermedius

• vastus medialis.

what is 2

rectus fermoris, anterior thigh

what is 3

vastus lateralis, lateral thigh