Africana Studies Exam #1, Section #3

John Lewis

He was a chairman of the SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

Julian Bond

co-founder of the SNCC; chairman of the NAACP

Sonia Sanchez

author of the poem that inspired the coming

Daniel Black

author of the coming

Mansa Musa

said to have been the richest man alive; emperor of Mali

Haile Selassie

emperor of Ethiopia, thwarted the attack on Italy in 1935

Ivan Van Sertima

created the book, “It came before Columbus”; pre-columbian contact theory 

Carl C. Brigham

conducted the idea that white Americans are better than any other race; developed the SAT

Carl Linnaeus

Eugenicist and author of systema naturae

Raphael Lemkin

coined the term genocide

Elizabeth Freeman

successfully sued her owner for her freedom

Harriett Jacobs

hid in an attic for several years and was able to escape for freedom

Robert Smalls

steered a ship through enemy lines to freedom

Dutty Bookman

believed to have initiated the call for the Haitian rebellion

Toussaint L’Ouverture

led enslaved African in Saint-Domingue (Haiti) to victory

General Jean-Jacques Dessalines

took over for touissaint and led Haiti to victory in the Battle of Vertieres; founding father of Haiti 

Nat Turner

a slave who led one of the deadliest slave rebellions in U.S. history

Sengbe Pieh

led the revolt on Amistad

Dred Scott

a slave who sued for his freedom; led to the ruling that he could not be freed because he wasn't considered a person in the U.S.

John Brown

a white abolitionist that led the raid on Haper’s Ferry

President Abraham Lincoln

the 16th president of the United States, issued the emancipation proclamation, only cared to uphold the union

President Andrew Johnson

17th president of the U.S., issued the Homestead Act and allowed for the creation of the Black Codes 

General Oliver Howard

ran the Freedmen’s Bureau; head of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands 

General William T. Sherman

reserved land in Georgia and South Carolina for enslaved people to settle

Booker T. Washington

proponent of vocational education and training; economic independence; accommodation, founded the Tuskegee Institute

William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) DuBois

first black person to receive a phD from Harvard; proponent of intellectual pursuits (wanted to be accepted by white people); activism; Pan Africanism; integration

Carter G. Woodson

2nd black persson to earn a PhD from Harvard; father of black history month, originally negor history week

Marcus Garvey

proponent of separation; back to Africa movement