Passing this fucking test

discrete data

represents real-world features that have well-defined boundaries. A discrete feature is distinct from the other features around it. For example, a river is a discrete feature: You can be in the river, out of the river, or half-in and half-out of the river, but there is a distinct place where you stop being dry and begin getting wet.

continuous data

real-world phenomena that do not have well-defined boundaries.

ex. elevation, temperature, rainfall

Deciding between continuous and discrete

consider if taking an average of the values would make sense. If it makes sense to take an average of the values, such as average precipitation, average depth, or average humidity, then the data is continuous. If it does not make sense to take an average of the values, such as for building type, street name, or type of tree, then the data is discrete.

spatial data

data that includes information about the location of a feature or phenomenon

vector

represents discrete dating using points, lines, and polygons

spatial analysis

natural process of looking at and analyzing a map. uses data to solve problems and make decisions. it examines spatial data to understand the world

overlay tool: ERASE

removes the part of an input feature class that overlaps with another feature class, known as the "erase" feature class. It creates a new output layer containing only the portions of the input features that are outside the boundaries of the erase features. This is similar to the Clip tool, but instead of preserving the overlapping area, Erase removes it.

overlay tool: INTERSECT

computes a geometric intersection of the input features

result: The input features or portions of it that overlap identity features get the attributes of those identity features.

overlay tool: UNION

Computes a geometric union of the input features

All features and their attributes are written to the output feature class.

When using the Erase tool, which portions of the features are copied to the output feature class?

The portions of the input feature that fall outside the erase feature

A GIS analyst has been asked to determine the impervious surface areas within the town

union method can help answer this spatial question

union

combines the geometry of each input feature class into a single feature class

An analyst has a map of a tree area that they manage. Tree area has a polygon geometry. Som trees have been recently harvested, so the analyst needs to remove the method from the tree area feature class

Erase method allows you to remove the overlapping trees form the feature class

buffer operation

creates a new feature class of a fixed distance. used to analyze areas within a specific distance, such as houses within 100 meters off a highway for a noise study

select layers by location

tool that selects features in a layer based on their spatial relationship to features in another layer, or within the same layer. It is used to perform spatial analysis, such as selecting all homes within a flood zone, by defining a relationship (like intersect or within a distance) and applying it to the input layers. This is a powerful tool for tasks like identifying which parcels are near a river or selecting all roads that touch a specific area. 

result: applies a selection to the input feature class

spatial query

A statement or logical expression that selects geographic features based on location or spatial relationship. For example, a spatial query might find which points are contained within a polygon or set of polygons, find features within a specified distance of a feature, or find features that are adjacent to each other.

definition query

a filter that controls which features are shown on a map based on their attributes

query

request to select a subset of feature

data source

layer property that enables you to determine where a feature layer is stored

A map of a national park that shows details about hiking trails and campgrounds would be considered which scale of map?

large

what information can symbology convey to a map reader?

feature attributes

geoprocessing

A framework and technology that allows you to process geographic and related data. 

What differentiates geoprocessing from spatial analysis?