Personality Disorders

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to personality disorders as discussed in the lecture.

Antisocial

A pervasive pattern of disregard and violation of the rights of others, which may involve aggressive or destructive behaviors.

Avoidant

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Borderline

A pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, characterized by marked impulsivity.

Dependent

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive behavior and fear of separation.

Five-Factor Model

A model describing five broad domains that are used to describe human personality.

Unspecified Personality Disorder

A clinician believes the patient has a personality disorder but traits are not “well covered: by one of the 10 existing diagnoses

Histrionic

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior.

Narcissistic

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

Obsessive-compulsive

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility.

Paranoid

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, leading to interpretations of their motives as malevolent.

Personality

Characteristic and routine ways of thinking, feeling, and relating to others.

Personality Disorders

When personality traits result in significant distress, social, or occupational impairment.

Schizoid

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression.

Schizotypal

A pervasive pattern marked by social and interpersonal deficits, discomfort in close relationships, and perceptual distortions.

Neuroticism

The domain of personality concerned with emotional pain and suffering, including distress and anxiety.

Extraversion

The personality domain associated with being outgoing, socially confident, and engaging with others.

Openness

The personality domain that reflects the extent to which a person is open to new experiences and willing to engage in abstract thinking.

Agreeableness

The personality domain associated with being compassionate, cooperative, and friendly towards others.

Conscientiousness

The personality domain relating to self-discipline, organization, and dependability.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A form of cognitive-behavioral therapy designed to help those with borderline personality disorder, focusing on mindfulness and acceptance.

Mentalization Therapy

A therapeutic approach used to help individuals with borderline personality disorder by improving their ability to understand the mental states of themselves and others.

Etiology

The study of the causes or origins of a disorder, including biological and environmental factors.

Impulsivity

The tendency to act on a whim, often with disregard for consequences; a key feature in borderline and antisocial disorders.

Maladaptive traits

Personality traits that lead to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning.

Symptom overlap

The phenomenon where individuals may meet diagnostic criteria for multiple personality disorders due to common features.

Ego-syntonic

A term denoting behaviors or traits that individuals perceive as consistent with their self-image.

Heterogeneous

Describing a disorder that includes various traits and behaviors that might not be similar across different individuals.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

A manual published by the APA that provides standardized criteria for the classification and diagnosis of mental disorders.

Treatment Resistance

When individuals with personality disorders are less likely to seek or respond to treatment.

Self-image

The conception that one has of oneself, which can be significantly impacted by personality disorders.

Personality pathology

A term used to describe the patterns and behaviors associated with personality disorders.

Clinical settings

Healthcare environments where individuals receive treatment for mental and physical conditions, including psychiatric disorders.

Emotional dysregulation

The inability to manage emotional responses or reactions, often seen in borderline personality disorder.

Genetic predisposition

Inherited traits that may influence an individual's susceptibility to developing personality disorders.

Complex interaction

Refers to the ways in which various biological, psychological, and environmental factors interact to influence behavior.

Indicators of personality are more evident in

Adulthood

Personality Disorder not otherwise specified

This along with OSPD and UPD are often most used in diagnoses in clinical practice

Each of the 10 DSM-5 personality disorders are

Maladaptive traits

Antisocial personality disorder (psychopathy)

Includes some traits from low neuroticism and extraversion

Borderline includes some traits from

Antagonism and low concscientiousness

Histrionic includes some traits from

Antagonism and low consciousness

Narcissistic Personality Disorder includes traits from

neuroticism, extraversion, antagonism, and conciousness

Schizotypal personality disorder includes traits from

Neuroticism, introversion, unconventionality, and antagonism

The APA conceptualizes personality disorders as

Qualitatively distinct conditions that are distinct from each other and from normal personality functioning

The DSM-5 views personality disorders to be

Simply extreme and/or maladaptive variants of normal personality traits

Which DSM-5 personality disorders are to be deleted due to less empirical support?

Histrionic, schizoid, paranoid, and dependent

Empirical support can be found in these disorders

Borderline, antisocial and schizotypal

Antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder represents many variants of personality traits that are unique in..

Different neurobiological vulnerabilities and dispositions, environmental and psychosocial events

Maladaptive personality traits are evident in individuals seeking treatment for other mental disorders..

Anxiety, mood, or substance use

Many people with a substance use disorder will have

Antisocial personality traits

The presence of a personality disorder will often have an impact on

The treatment of other mental disorders that impairs responsivity

Antisocial people with the presence of a personality disorder will tend to be

Irresponsible and negligent

Paranoid people with the presence of a personality disorder

Can form intensely manipulative attachments to their therapists

Paranoid patients with the presence of a personality disorder

Will be suspicious and accusatory

Narcissistic patients with the presence of a personality disorder

Dismissive and denigrating

Dependent patients with the presence of a personality disorder

Can become overly attached and feel helpless without their therapists