Mental health mini

What are the four stages of Piaget’s cognitive development theory?

Sensorimotor (0–2 yrs) Preoperational (2–7 yrs) Concrete Operational (7–11 yrs) Formal Operational (12+ yrs)

What key skill is developed during Piaget’s sensorimotor stage?

Object permanence

What is Pavlov known for in psychology?

Classical conditioning – learning through association

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus?

The bell

What is the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s dog experiment?

Salivating to the food

What does Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focus on?

Promoting independence by helping patients when they cannot care for themselves

Name the three systems of Orem’s nursing theory.

Wholly compensatory Partly compensatory Supportive-educative

What does Dorothy Johnson’s Behavioral System Model focus on?

Human behavior as organized systems like attachment, aggression, dependency, etc.

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech or behavior

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Flat affect, lack of motivation, poor hygiene

What medications are used to treat schizophrenia?

Antipsychotics (e.g., Risperidone, Olanzapine)

What level of anxiety is characterized by being alert and aware of surroundings?

Mild anxiety

What symptoms are present in moderate anxiety?

Shaky, narrowed focus, difficulty concentrating

What happens in severe anxiety?

Disorganized thinking, sense of dread, chest tightness

How does panic-level anxiety present?

Terror, loss of control, possible hallucinations

What should the nurse do during a panic-level anxiety attack?

Stay with the client, remain calm, guide breathing, ensure safety