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Agriculture
The practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock for food, fiber, and other products.
Intensive Agriculture
Agriculture that requires a lot of labor input and is often focused on small plots of land.
Extensive Agriculture
Agriculture that requires limited labor input and is spread across large areas of land.
Animal Domestication
The process of capturing and breeding wild animals for agricultural purposes, including for meat, milk, and labor.
Transhumance
Seasonal migration of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
Subsistence Farming
Farming that provides for the basic needs of the farmer without surplus for sale.
Cash Cropping
Growing crops primarily for sale and profit rather than for personal consumption.
Monoculture
The agricultural practice of growing a single crop over a wide area.
Polyculture
The agricultural practice of growing multiple different crops in the same space at one time.
Von Thünen's Model
A model that explains agricultural land use based on the distance from market centers, relating price and distance to various agricultural practices.
Green Revolution
A period of agricultural innovation that involved the use of high-yield crop varieties and advanced agricultural techniques to increase food production.
Food Preservation
The techniques used to prevent food spoilage and maintain its freshness over time.
Agribusiness
Large-scale operations that combine agricultural production with the processing and distribution of agricultural products.
Sustainability
The ability to maintain agricultural practices in a way that does not deplete resources or harm the environment for future generations.
Fair Trade
A movement aimed at helping producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and promote sustainability.
Aquaculture
The farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and aquatic plants.
Value-Added Agriculture
When farm products are processed or transformed into higher-value goods before being sold to consumers.
Desertification
The degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climate change and human activities.
Salinization
The accumulation of soluble salts in the soil to levels that negatively affect agricultural productivity.
Heirloom Varieties
Old plant varieties that have been cultivated over generations without commercial enhancement, often prized for their flavor and nutritional value.
Crop Rotation
The practice of alternating crops in a specific sequence on the same land to improve soil health and reduce pests.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
A pest control strategy that uses a combination of techniques including biological control, habitat manipulation, and resistant varieties to manage pest populations.
Organic Farming
A method of farming that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, focusing instead on natural processes and sustainability.
Soil Erosion
The removal of the top layer of soil due to water, wind, or human activity, which can lead to loss of soil fertility.
Precision Agriculture
An agricultural management practice that uses information technology to ensure that crops and soil receive exactly what they need for optimum health and productivity.
Terracing
A method of creating flat areas on slopes for agriculture to reduce soil erosion and water runoff.
Hydroponics
A method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent to promote growth.
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)
A system in which consumers purchase shares of a farm's harvest in advance, supporting local agriculture and ensuring fresh produce.
Biodiversity in Agriculture
The variety of plant and animal species used in agriculture, which helps ensure ecosystem stability and resilience against pests and diseases.
Agroforestry
The practice of integrating trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes to diversify production and improve environmental health.
Vertical Farming
An innovative farming method that grows crops in vertically stacked layers, optimizing space and resources.
Crop Diversity
The variety of different crops grown in a specific area, which can enhance soil health and reduce pest outbreaks.
Soil Management
Practices aimed at maintaining or improving soil quality to support productive and sustainable farming.
Agroecology
An approach to farming that applies ecological principles to agricultural production, promoting sustainability and biodiversity.
Food Security
The state when all people have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs.
Climate-smart Agriculture
Agricultural practices that aim to increase productivity sustainably while adapting to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Permaculture
A system of agricultural and social design principles that mimic the patterns and relationships found in nature.
Cover Cropping
Planting crops primarily to manage soil erosion, enhance soil fertility, and improve water retention between main crop planting seasons.
Biofertilizers
Natural fertilizers that contain living microorganisms to promote soil health and enhance nutrient availability for plants.
Organic Certification
A certification process for farm products to guarantee they are produced according to organic farming standards, often monitored by regulatory bodies.
Soil Fertility
The ability of soil to provide essential nutrients to plants, which is critical for sustaining agricultural productivity.
No-Till Farming
An agricultural technique that involves growing crops without disturbing the soil, which helps improve soil health and reduce erosion.
Agroecological Practices
Farming methods that aim to create a sustainable agricultural system by applying ecological principles to food production.
Farming Cooperatives
Organizations of farmers who collaborate to share resources, knowledge, and marketing to enhance their agricultural operations.
Food Miles
The distance food travels from where it is produced to where it is consumed, used as an indicator of the environmental impact of food.
Zero Tillage
An agricultural practice that involves planting crops without tilling the soil, helping to conserve moisture and improve soil structure.
Sustainable Intensification
The practice of increasing agricultural yields without adverse environmental impact by increasing efficiency and resource use.
Fallowing
Leaving land uncultivated for a period to restore its fertility, which can enhance long-term agricultural productivity.
Community Gardens
Shared spaces where individuals can grow fruits and vegetables, promoting local food production and community engagement.
Agrochemical
Chemicals used in agriculture, including pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, aimed at boosting crop production.
Crop Yield
The total quantity of crop produced per unit of land area, often measured in kilograms per hectare.
Food Resilience
The capacity of a food system to withstand shocks and stresses, ensuring sufficient food supply in times of crisis.
Integrated Farming System
A farming approach that integrates different agricultural practices such as crops, livestock, and aquaculture for sustainable productivity.
Alternative Protein Sources
Non-traditional sources of protein, such as insect farming and plant-based proteins, aimed at reducing reliance on livestock.
Sustainable Practices
Methods and techniques in agriculture focused on protecting the environment while maintaining farm productivity.
Greenhouse Farming
The practice of growing plants in controlled environments, protected from external weather conditions.
Food Processing
The transformation of raw ingredients into food products through various methods such as canning, freezing, and drying.
Regenerative Agriculture
Farming practices aimed at revitalizing soil health, increasing biodiversity, and restoring ecosystems.
Urban Agriculture
The practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas, often integrating within city landscapes.
