exp 4

Liquid-Liquid Extraction

A technique used to separate compounds based on polarity by transferring a solute from one solvent to another.

Polarity

The property of a molecule that determines its interaction with other substances, with polar substances being attracted to other polar substances.

Like Dissolves Like

A principle stating that substances with similar chemical properties will dissolve in each other.

Aqueous Solvent

A polar solvent, typically water, used in liquid-liquid extractions.

Organic Solvent

A less polar solvent used in liquid-liquid extractions that can dissolve non-polar substances.

Deprotonation

The process of removing a proton (H+) from a molecule, often increasing its solubility in polar solvents.

Phenoxide Salt

The ion formed when a phenol is deprotonated; it is more soluble in aqueous layers.

Venting

The process of releasing pressure from a separatory funnel during mixing to prevent explosion.

Separatory Funnel

A device used to separate immiscible liquids based on their densities.

Brine

A saturated salt solution used to wash organic layers to remove impurities.

Hygroscopic

The ability of a substance to absorb moisture from the air.

Drying Agent

A compound used to remove water from organic solvents, often like anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).

Rotavapor®

A laboratory device that uses a vacuum and a water bath to evaporate solvents efficiently.

Percent Recovery

The measure of how much of a substance is recovered after an extraction, typically less than 100%.

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

A technique used to test the purity of compounds after extraction.