Unit 3 Chemistry

acetate

C₂H₃O₂^-

Nitrite

NO₂^-

Nitrate

NO₃^-

Cyanide

CN^-

Hydroxide

OH^-

Permanganate

MnO₄^-

Hypochlorite

ClO

Chlorite

ClO₂^-

Chlorate

ClO₃^-

Perchlorate

ClO₄^-

Oxalate

O₂^2-

Sulfite

SO₃^2-

Sulfate

SO₄^2-

Carbonate

CO₃^2-

Chromate

CrO₄^2-

Dichromate

Cr₂O₇^2-

Phosphite

PO₃^3-

Phosphate

PO₄^3-

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

2 domains; 0 lone pairs

Linear

3 domains; 0 lone pairs

Trigonal Planar

3 domains; 1 lone pair

Bent

4 domains; 0 lone pairs

Tetrahedral

4 domains; 1 lone pair

Trigonal Pyramid

4 domains; 2 lone pairs

Bent

What is the degree of a linear model?

180

What is the degree of a trigonal planar model?

120

What is the degree of a bent model?

<120 OR <109

What is the degree of a tetrahedral model?

109

What is the degree of a trigonal pyramid model?

<109

What causes a dipole moment?

a separation of charges (positive and negative end)

What determines the polarity of bonds?

electronegativity

Is a bond polar or nonpolar if the electronegativity difference is < 0.5?

nonpolar

Is a bond polar or nonpolar if the electronegativity difference is >= 0.5?

polar

What determines the polarity of molecules?

symmetry

Is a molecule polar or nonpolar if it’s symmetrical?

nonpolar

Is a molecule polar or nonpolar if it’s asymmetrical?

polar