India in the 18th century 2dia

What were Chauth and Sardeshmukhi?

These were taxes on revenue levied by the Marathas on the Deccan Region.

They were not imposed on produce. They were imposed on revenue.

Let's say that Mughals have imposed 40 percent tax on farmers. So farmers have to pay them 40 if the total income is 100. Now the chauth that the Mughals have to pay is Rs 10 and the sardeshmukhi Mughals have to pay is Rs 4.

So they are not imposed on produce but on revenue.

Now, when the Mughals said” Deccan belongs to us, why should we pay taxes to you from our own land.”

To this what did the Marathas Reply?

The Marathas replied “No problem. But remember, if any Mughal or any individual or any group of your dares to tread through that region, they will be plundered, looted and left with nothing. If you want this to happen, then please go ahead and don't pay tax.”

The Mughals didn't like this. So ultimately they paid the Sardeshmukhi but not the Chauth. This somewhat managed the Marathas but still, the seed of dissonance was brewing deep inside the hearts of Marathas.

How did the relations maintain good relations with everyone? The Sikhs, Rajputs, Bundelis, Jatts?

The Mughals gave high rank or high Mansab to Guru Govind Singh and there was no signs of (asantosh) from the side of Guru. However his successor, Banda Bahadur assembled many Sikhs and led them against the Mughals. Now Bahadur Shah Zafar had to manage them.

So the relationship with Sikhs was a little strained despite policy of appeasements.

The same was the case with Rajputs. They had two areas :Ambeer and Marwaad. Mughals wanted to control these regions , and tried their level best to buy failed. Again provided rajputs high Mansab.

With Jatts and Bundels , Mughals had good relations. The king of Jatts, Chudamanjat and the king of Bundels Raja chatrasal Bundel were provided high mansabs and this helped in maintaining good relations with them.

So Bahadur Shah 1 was the first letter Mughal emperor briefly tell me about his reign

Bahadur Shah Zafar he obtained a very vast Kingdom but he was not a good manager he could not manage the state of affairs of the kingdom very well he ascended The throne at the age of 63 and he had lost all the bigger and energy to expansion Kingdom and contribute to its development and he was also called heathless skin

After Bahadur Shah Zafar who assended the throne of Mughals also briefly describe about his rule

From 17/12 to 1713 jandar Shah road and during his ruled nobels became extremely power through court politics and these novels were Muslims and these Muslims again had different groups some Muslims were from Iran they formed Irani group some Muslims where from Afghanistan the from the Afghani group some Muslims where from Turkey they form the to Rani group and there was a Muslims that were from India from the Hindustani group and very very different leaders the Irani group had Zulfikar Khan as the leader Nijam Al mulk Afghanistan group Afghani group did not have any leaders but the Hindustani group they were led by the side brothers the elder brother named Shahid Abdullah Khan and the chota Bhai named said Hussain Ali Khan

How did jandar Shah become the king after the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar 1

Sujandar shaju tha he took the help of Zulfikar Khan the leader of Irani group to claim The throne and to win the battle of succession but now because Zulfiqar Khan had help jandarsha to send the throne you wanted something for himself and this group in return.