ExPhys Carbs, Fats, & Proteins Ch1

Types of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides, Disaccarides, polysaccharides

Monosaccharides

basic unit of carbohydrate

example of monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

disaccharides

2-10 monosaccharides bonded

example of disaccharide

sucrose, lactose, maltose

polysaccharides

three to thousands of monosaccharides

example of polysaccharide

starch, glycogen, cellulose, fiber

types of fats

simple, triglycerides, saturated, unsaturated

saturated fats

straight lines, no double bonds (butter is a straight stick); solid at room temp

unsaturated fats

have one or more double bonds (found in oils) and bent chain; liquid at room temperature.

proteins aka

amino acids aka

types of proteins

non/essential amino acids, in/complete protein

what links amino acids

peptide bonds

3 pathways after carbohydrate absorption

1. energy for cellular metabolism

2. stored as glycogen in liver and muscle

3. converted to triacylglycerol for later energy use

carbs role in body

• energy fuel during intense exercise

• protein sparer

• metabolic primer

• CNS fuel

using carbs when exercising helps preserve?

tissue protein due to protein not being used for energy

lipids role in body

• energy source and reserve

• protect vital organs from trauma

• insulation

• vitamin carrier and hunger supressor

proteins role in body

• synthesizing tissue components (enzymes, hair, skin, nails)

glycogenesis

glucose to glycogen (creation of glycogen)

glycogenolysis

breakdown of glycogen to glucoseg

glyconeogenesis

creation of glucose from non-carb nutrients (ie protein)

light exercise main source used

lipid (glycogen and glucose also depleting)

moderate exercise main source used

glycogen (after 20 minutes then glycogen and lipids)

high intensity primary source

glycogen from liver, 2ish hours of exercise depletes liver and muscle glycogen

“hitting the wall”

aka glycogen depletion that limits short and long duration exercises

important sources of fat in body for energy

plasma fatty acids and triglycerides

lipogenesis

creation (storage) of fatty acids

lipolysis

breakdown of triglyceride into individual fatty acids

lipids during light exercise primary source

intramuscular triacylgycerols and fatty acids

lipids during moderate exercise primary source

carbohydrates and lipids

lipids during long exercise primary source

fat when glycogen is depleted

anabolic process

synthesis or build up of new materials

• steroid muscles (more muscle!)

catabolic processes

breakdown of materials into new materials or for energy

Positive nitrogen balance

new tissue synthesizes when excessive nitrogen intake n

Negative nitrogen balance

protein broken down for energy because there is a lack of nitrogen (muscle loss ☹ )

what should be used as a primary source for exericse

carbohydratesw

what should not be used as a primary source of energy during exercise

protein

bioenergetics

we simultaneously breakdown and build up macronutrients for energy and use depending on need